Sonnet 73 Essays - Sonnet 73, Sonnet 1, Sonnet 7, Sonnet

Poem 73 Numerous poems composed by William Shakespeare manage catastrophe, love and demise, in poem seventy-three he centers around death alongside the indications of maturing. Regardless of whether he is the subject of the poem or a spectator, he communicates everything as though he were the subject. Shakespeare was at an age in his life where he could identify with the piece, which made the sonnet a lot more compelling. The subject of this work is being taken a gander at, and the onlooker goes to the end that they see pre-winter, dusk and a perishing fire; that is, the spectator understands that the individual is getting old and they will before long lose him. Shakespeare's method of mirroring the beginning of maturing and demise is communicated through numerous suggestions like topic, symbolism, and pleasantry. One of the numerous critical focuses that mirror the beginning of maturing and demise is through the topic. This poem happens in harvest time, on the grounds that in the earliest reference point a tree is being contrasted with the individual. The yellow leaves falling in pre-winter underpins paper turning yellow as time passes by, which in a roundabout way proposes that individuals get old and will area as years sneak past. Uncovered demolished ensembles, where when the sweet late winged creature sang tells the peruser that in the late spring the fowls would be on the branches singing like a congregation ensemble in an officer like position; while, in harvest time the feathered creatures don't sing on the grounds that they are gone from the exposed branches. Shakespeare considers resting to be sundown as Death's second self, on the grounds that as night approaches individuals are oblivious like being dead. Shakespeare additionally recommends that the individual is approaching an incredible finish when such fire is gleaming. The sparkling of the fire is supported by wood, and as the wood gets littler the fire colors out. Alongside topic as a critical point, symbolism is the thing that portrays the beginning of maturing and passing. Shakespeare not just let the perusers read about his piece, he lets the perusers depict an outline with his clear words. The setting is quickly introduced in the start of the poem. The tree that is delineated in the harvest time setting is contrasted with the subject of this poem. The tree is almost uncovered with the breeze blowing at the keep going leaves sticking on to the branches; just a couple of robust ones at long last remained. In spite of the fact that the portrayal of the feathered creatures singing on the branches is that of the late spring, interestingly, the branches are exposed in the fall; the image delineates the subject in his young years. Shakespeare's understanding from the statement ...seals up all in rest gives several various pictures. That citation can depict a final resting place that is fixing up the cover, or when sunset's kin rest; consequently, rest in a roundabout way infers demise. The individual and his own childhood are lying on a bed of cinders that was taken care of by the consuming of wood, which is contrasted with a deathbed. Shakespeare's symbolism on death is communicated effectively through the tree, deathbed and the casket. Shakespeare poems utilize an assortment of words to control the real which means of sentences. His inventive words recount to a story without anyone else with the utilization of analogies, from the words portraying the subjects' childhood to the cinders of his deathbed. Shakespeare expounds on yellow leaves sticking on to the trees also, winged creatures that utilization to sing on the branches in the late spring. These pictures can be deciphered as the individual whom Shakespeare is alluding to was youthful previously in any case, at the current second, he is old and practically prepared to pass on. The debris that his youth lies upon is controlled to speak to his deathbed where upon he will lie at the point when it is the ideal opportunity for him to pass on. Shakespeare looks at the adoration between the two individuals as a log consuming, as the fire is consuming the log; the log decreases importantly bringing about the fire to color out. All in all, Shakespeare's poem seventy-three has achieved the undertaking of telling the perusers that this is about death and maturing. The subject was very much spoken to make the works significance of maturing and passing the subject of this piece. Symbolism was communicated to speak to the poem effectively. The pictures Shakespeare made make the poem all the more intriguing and simpler to understand and relate. The wit was imaginatively sited to speak to something like its significance. This poem can be made into one of tShakespeare's celebrated plays however

Jems maturity Essay Example

Jems development Paper Jems development BY ollte1999 To murder a mockingbird. in To Kill a Mockingbird, Jem has essentially developed from an infantile, lively kid that he was from the earliest starting point of the novel, to a progressively quiet, created and develop figure likeness to that of his dad, Atticus. Harper Lee has joined the subject of Maturity into the novel through the improvement of Jem. Jem is demonstrated in the start of the novel to be a rambunctious kid whose idea of boldness was through the acknowledgment of dares. Scout prior on in the novel states Jem never declined a challenge in his life. This portrays Jems adolescence through he needs to do sets out to appear to be courageous to his friends moreover his absence of information about the present standings wherein America are towards racial imbalance or appeared here and all the more so all through the novel. Jem turns out to be progressively full grown as the novel advances. This is affected by his dad, Atticus Finchs, activities in the preliminary of Tom Robinson. A totally uncalled for Jury which ecides to convict Tom of assaulting a white lady, changes Jems see on life and how silly it was that dark individuals were oppressed due to the shade of their skin. Another method of indicating that he has developed is his activities towards Arthur (boo) Radley. Boo Radley is man who got into some naughtiness when he was an adolescent and his dad hence condemned him to a lifetime of detainment in his own home. Numerous bits of gossip are spread about Arthur in light of the fact that nobody has seen him for quite a long time. We will compose a custom article test on Jems development explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Jems development explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Jems development explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer These bits of gossip depict a picture to Jem and Scout that he is a secretive and unconventional who will execute you on the off chance that you saw him. Throughout the mid year, Jem, Scout and Dill would set out one another to proceed to contact the Radley house or see who could get a brief look at Arthur. Anyway when they at long last discovered that he is a sort yet basic individual Jem makes and stride back to consider how every one of these bits of gossip about Boo aren't right and how he has been victimized Just like the dark individuals were.

The Wheels on the Bus Go Round And Round

The Wheels on the Bus Go Round And Round Lets start off with a little riddle. What is white, at least 2500 pounds, and has 28 feet? No ideas yet? Lets try another puzzle. What do you get when you cross the Flintstones with Public Transportation [] and a little art? If the hints arent helping, I guess I can give you another hint. Typically on my commute to work, I read the Boston Metro. Its not as substantive as other newspapers but its good for finding out about daily events and free movie tickets. On the right hand corner, there was a little snippet about an event at the Enormous Room, a hip restauarant Mitra introduced me to. There, theyd be talking about the new Busycle. The Busycle is a public art/community building/environment project funded by the Berwick Institute. One of the organizers of the project is an MIT alum 04. The basic idea behind the project was that they would take apart an old 14 passenger van and replace the power supplied by the motor with power supplied by humans by making it a multi-passenger bike. So far theyve done a lot of work with the project and hope to have the prototype ready in September for people to ride across the city. Eventually, theyd like to take it across the country and encourage people to think about innovative and creative ways to address some of the problems facing the environment today. What I thought was especially cool is that the project organizers really brought in the community to take part in building the Busycle. Here are just a few pictures I was able to snap at the event. Technically, the busycle is considered a bike so theyll be letting people ride it around their neighborhoods in the coming months; Im hoping therell be an MIT stop. Here at MIT, theres MIT Student Pugwash, and they often discuss how science, technology, and engineering interface with the issues surrounding the environment and society at large. Random funny conversation of the day: Friend: Where are you headed? Me: To Bob Browns going-away party. Friend: Question approaching. Who is Bob Brown? Me: You know, Bob Brown, MIT provost. Friend: Oh, I thought you meant Bobby Brown. (did you know he has a reality tv show?) Random trivia fact: Did you know that Elmer the Glue Cow is married to Elsie the Borden Milk Cow? I dont know where I learned that.

Effects of Media Violence - 1973 Words

The potential relationship between media violence and actual aggression comes to the forefront of public discussion, but unfortunately this discussion rarely takes into account the science related to the relationship between media violence and aggressive behavior. In particular, there is a widespread assumption that media violence directly causes aggression and aggressive behavior, and this assumption has become so common that even secondary scholarly discussions of the evidence have taken to relying on it despite the fact that there is no evidence for a causal relationship between the consumption of media violence and aggressive behavior. While there is evidence suggesting a link between the two, correlation does not equal causation, and examining this evidence in detail will help make the case that there is no direct cause and effect relationship between media violence and aggressive behavior while simultaneously demonstrating the fallacy inherent in the counter arguments that have been proposed. It will actually be useful to consider the counter arguments to this studys thesis before making the case that there is no causal relationship between media violence and aggressive behavior, because these counter arguments tend to represent the consensus public view despite their lack of convincing evidence. To begin, one must acknowledge that there is substantial, verifiable data indicating a link between media violence and aggressive behavior (Boxer et. al. 417). This fact isShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Media Violence In The Media1212 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction With the recent increase in media presence throughout the world, there has also been an increase in violence portrayed through the media. Media violence is believed to be causing aggression in today’s youth and society. This paper will examine the potential reasons on how media violence is causing aggression Review of Literature In a study conducted, media psychologists, mass communication scientists, pediatricians, and parents all completed an anonymous online survey that asked whetherRead MoreMedia Violence And Its Effects1057 Words   |  5 Pages Media violence exposure has been investigated as a risk factor for aggression behavior for years. The impact of exposure to violence in the media the long term development and short term development of aggressive behavior has been documented. Aggression is caused by several factors, of which media violence is one. Research investigating the effects of media violence in conjunction with other predictors of aggression such as; environmental factors and dysfunction within the family household,Read MoreThe Effects of Violence in the Media944 Words   |  4 PagesViolence in the media started as early when Plato was around Complaints about violence in the media being harmful appear all through history. Even Plato was worried about the effects on children. The study of violence in the media reviews the amount of correlation between the themes of violence in our media sources with real-world damage and violence over time. A lot of this research has been deprived from the social learnin g theory concluded by Albert Bandura. The media effects thoughts in modernRead MoreThe Effects Of Violence On The Media1550 Words   |  7 PagesThe effect of violence in the media is a big controversy; some say it affects are society and others say that there is not any proof of this. There are many theories on how violence in media does, and how it does not, affect our society. Many people claim watching television or even playing video games will affect children’s or young adults’ minds. Researches claim that they found no evidence of change in aggressiveness in children or young adults while playing video games. Researchers allowed childrenRead MoreThe Effects of Violence in the Media2052 Words   |  8 PagesViolence in the Media It has been a long day and you decide to sit down to relax while watching some television. You turn on the TV and begin flipping through channels. On one channel, you see some random news report on a tragic school shooting that occurred across the country. Changing to another, you might catch the last 30 minutes of a slasher, horror flick. The last channel you come across, before turning off the TV, features a popular television show where the main cast fights a new villainRead MoreThe Effects Of Violence On The Media1782 Words   |  8 PagesU61976910 Introduction It has been said that violence in the real world becomes â€Å"much more acceptable after you ve seen infinitely greater violence on the screen (Maslin 1982). Seeking to test that hypothesis, researchers have sought to find how long it takes for individuals to become desensitized to violence in television. As intimate partner violence accounts for 15% of all crime, researchers have sought to understand the causes behind the violence. Linz, Donnerstein, and Penrod operationalizedRead MoreThe Effects Of Media Violence On Behavioral Violence916 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effects of Media Violence on Behavioral Violence in Young Adults in America The influence of mass media has progressively increased in American society, but can the media have effects beyond mere entertainment and impartial information? American culture has become saturated with online news reports, social media, and media entertainment. Technology has become a major factor in America’s social environment. Much of the information gained from digital sources involves or portrays violence, andRead MoreThe Effects Of Media Violence On The Media Essay1111 Words   |  5 PagesThe media has become one of the main sources where people obtain their information from. This information can be taken in knowingly, or through subliminal messages. The media like magazines, videos, commercials, television shows, and movies. Since, media has major influence over the public; violence being portrayed in the media is causing problems. Violence against women in the media has been happening for decades. The violence has been taking shape in many forms, as in emotional a nd physical violenceRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Media Violence In The Media754 Words   |  4 Pagesabout violence portrayed in the media, I noticed that many violent images in the media such as movies, videogames, and music have inspired people to commit large amounts of violent acts, such as committing assaults and murders. It is proven that children can he affected by the violence in media, when they are at a small age. When adults, some can be more aggressive than others, and some may commit more crimes than others. Over 1,000 case studies have proven that media violence can haveRead MoreThe Effects Of Media Violence On People1388 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effect of Media Violence on People Media violence impacts the physical aggression of human beings. It is one of the many potential factors that influence the risk for violence and aggression. Research has proven that aggression in children will cause the likelihood of aggression in their adulthood. Theories have evolved that the violence present in the media most likely teaches the viewer to be more violent. It is a risky behavior that is established from the childhood. Furthermore, media violence

10 Fascinating Facts About Spiders

Some people love them, and some hate them. Regardless of whether youre an arachnophile (a person who loves spiders) or an arachnophobe (someone who doesnt), youll find these 10 facts about spiders fascinating. Their Bodies Have Two Parts All spiders, from tarantulas to jumping spiders, share this common trait. The simple eyes, fangs, palps, and legs are all found on the anterior body region, called the cephalothorax. The spinnerets reside on the posterior region, called the abdomen. The unsegmented abdomen attaches to the cephalothorax by means of a narrow pedicel, giving the spider the appearance of having a waist. Most Are Venomous Spiders use venom to subdue their prey. The venom glands reside near the chelicerae, or fangs, and are connected to the fangs by ducts. When a spider bites its prey, muscles around the venom glands contract, pushing venom through the fangs and into the animal. Most spider venom paralyzes the prey. The spider family Uloboridae is the only known  exception to this rule. Its members do not possess venom glands. Some Even Hunt Birds Spiders hunt and capture prey. The majority feed on other insects and other invertebrates, but some of the largest spiders may prey on vertebrates such as birds. The true spiders of the order Araneae comprise the largest group of carnivorous animals on Earth. They Cant Digest Solid Foods Before a spider can eat its prey, it must turn the meal into a liquid form. The spider exudes digestive enzymes from its sucking stomach onto the victims body. Once the enzymes break down the tissues of the prey, the spider sucks up the liquefied remains, along with digestive enzymes. The meal then passes to the spiders midgut, where nutrient absorption occurs. They Produce Silk Not only can all spiders make silk, but they can do so throughout their lifecycles. Spiders use silk for many purposes: to capture prey, protect their offspring, reproduce, and assist themselves as they move, as well as for shelter. However, not all spiders use silk in the same way. Not All Spin Webs Most people associate spiders with webs, but some spiders dont construct webs at all. Wolf spiders, for example, stalk and overtake their prey, without the aid of a web. Jumping spiders, which have remarkably good eyesight and move quickly, have no need for webs, either. They simply pounce on their prey. Male Spiders Use Special Appendages to Mate Spiders reproduce sexually, but males use an unusual method to transfer their sperm to a mate. The male first prepares a silk bed or web, onto which he deposits sperm. He then draws the sperm into his pedipalps, a pair of appendages near his mouth, and stores the semen in a sperm duct. Once he finds a mate, he inserts his pedipalp into the female spiders genital opening and releases his sperm. Females Eat Males Females are typically larger than their male counterparts. A hungry female may consume any invertebrate that comes along, including her suitors. Male spiders sometimes  use courtship rituals to identify themselves as mates and not meals. Jumping spiders, for example, perform elaborate dances from a safe distance and wait for the females approval before approaching. Male orb weavers (and other web-building species) position themselves on the outer edge of the females web, and gently pluck a thread to transmit a vibration. They wait for a sign that the female is receptive before venturing closer. They Use Silk to Protect Their Eggs Female spiders deposit their eggs on a bed of silk, which they prepare just after mating. Once a female produces eggs, she covers them with more silk. Egg sacs vary greatly, depending on the type of spider. Cobweb spiders make thick, watertight egg sacs, while cellar spiders use a minimum of silk to encase their eggs. Some spiders produce silk that mimics the texture and color of the substrate on which the eggs are laid, effectively camouflaging the offspring. They Dont Move by Muscle Alone Spiders rely on a combination of muscle and hemolymph (blood) pressure to move their legs. Some joints in spider legs lack extensor muscles entirely. By contracting muscles in the cephalothorax, a spider can increase the hemolymph pressure in the legs, and effectively extend their legs at these joints. Jumping spiders jump using a sudden increase in hemolymph pressure that snaps the legs out and launches them into the air.

Bite Me A Love Story Chapter 23 Free Essays

string(200) " out and in an instant her fingers were wrapped in his beard and she was pulling his head back, not yanking, but pulling with an irresistible strength, as if he’d been hitched to a power winch\." 23. Brat in the Paper Aisle MAKEDA She stood under the eave of a post office that looked out on the Safeway parking lot, watching the old man with the dogs pounding at the door. Well, that would make seven. We will write a custom essay sample on Bite Me: A Love Story Chapter 23 or any similar topic only for you Order Now She knew she should wait for the others, but what fun was there in that. A lean black guy let the old man and his dogs into the store, then locked the door behind him. She moved to the side of the building, then along the front behind a long train of shopping carts, where she could look through the windows without being seen herself. They were spread out, each working an aisle to himself. She really should call for the others. Neither would be that far away, but she did so little on her own anymore. She examined the window. Thick Plexiglas, she wasn’t going through that. She could kick the door down, of course, but then they would run and there’d be chasing and if any got away Rolf would pout with disapproval for months. Not that she wasn’t beyond pouting herself. She once awakened to find Bella and Rolf merged together in mist without her and refused to take solid form for a year except to feed. That was how they began each night, merged in mist form, still inside their titanium chamber, experiencing every corner of each other’s consciousness, every memory, every emotion, every want, every fear-complete knowing, complete intimacy. After an hour or so, they would assume their solid forms, then leave the chamber and feed, or watch a video of a sunrise or sunset. That was it! Mist. She would go into the store by stealth. Except for the one with the dogs, they were all young men, weren’t they? She knew she could hold the rapt attention of a young man. She’d take each one, drain him without the others even knowing what happened, then share the experience with Rolf and Bella tomorrow night. It was always fun to bring something new and dangerous to their night. She wouldn’t be able to wear her special suit, or take any of the weapons, but it was just as well. She couldn’t leave bodies. Seven. She’d be as full as a tick, ready to pop. She checked that none of them was by the door, hid her weapons under the shopping carts, then lay down and oozed out of the Kevlar bodysuit, across the sidewalk, and under the door. Rock and roll was blasting out of the PA system, filling the store with a relentless chainsaw rhythm guitar that drowned all other sound. She swirled around the registers, then started to make her way across the aisles. The first two were empty, then in the third, the old man was sitting all by himself on a milk crate. Scented candles were lit up and down either side of the aisle, as if someone had laid out a landing strip. She could sense the others around her, but her perceptions weren’t as sharp in mist form and the odor and heat from the candles made it nearly impossible to tell how far away they were. Their heartbeats and breathing were lost in the music, but there was blood in the air. All over in the air. She floated up to the ceiling, where she could see over the tops of the shelf gondolas. There were two of them working on the other side of the store, bobbing in time to the music. Rolf would have wafted back out the door and called the others, and Bella would have drawn an elaborate plan to stalk them, one at a time, and pick them off when they were alone, but that was exactly why she wasn’t going to do either of those things. As she pulled herself into solid form she felt a horrible wrenching in her chest, like her heart caving in on itself. Not a physical pain, but a sudden absence. One of the others was suddenly not there. Rolf. Just not there. She stood there in front of the old man, naked, shaking, trying to bring herself back to the hunt. â€Å"Don’t scream,† she said. THE EMPEROR He didn’t like that the men were locked in the walk-in cooler, and he didn’t like that the Animals had tied him up, rubbed liver and steaks all over him, and set him on a milk box, but he had done his duty to his city. He had alerted the only people who would listen to the presence of the black ship, told them what the strange faux-Hawaiian had said about the old vampires coming for them, and he could have some peace of mind in that. They didn’t have to duct tape his hands so tightly, and tape his ankles to the milk box. They could have just asked. Ah, youth. She materialized about twelve feet in front of him, nude, nubile, and athletic, so black she might have been made of polished ironwood, yet the death-pallor made her lips appear lavender. Her hair was trimmed close to her scalp, her eyes appeared to be gold, but he couldn’t tell for sure. She shivered for a moment, as if a current was being applied to her body. He watched her muscles tensing and relaxing, rippling under her skin in waves. Then she stopped shaking and opened her eyes. â€Å"Don’t scream,† she said. Blood tears formed in the corners of her eyes. â€Å"Oh my, if you aren’t lovely,† said the Emperor. She smiled and he saw fangs there, and he suddenly felt as if he might wet himself. She moved a few steps closer to him. â€Å"Are those steaks on your shoulders?† she said. â€Å"Yes. There’s liver in my pockets as well.† She cocked her head as if listening. â€Å"Where are the others?† â€Å"I don’t know,† he said. Her hand shot out and in an instant her fingers were wrapped in his beard and she was pulling his head back, not yanking, but pulling with an irresistible strength, as if he’d been hitched to a power winch. You read "Bite Me: A Love Story Chapter 23" in category "Essay examples" â€Å"Where are they?† He could feel his vertebrae cracking, feel her raking her fangs over his neck. Then the sound of a high-pressure gas burst and she wasn’t there, and there was a length of heavy nylon line in the space where her face had been. â€Å"Down!† came Lash’s voice, as he, Troy Lee, Jeff, and Drew all rolled out of the shelves where they had been hiding behind rows of toilet paper and paper towels. The vampire woman’s head was pinned to a bale of paper towels with the stainless-steel spear from Barry’s spear gun. She screeched like a wildcat and pulled herself away and leapt at Drew, who was leveling a Super Soaker. Lash yanked the spear gun and the nylon line whipped her around. Jeff and Troy Lee opened garden sprayers on her from the front, while Drew unloaded the Super Soaker from the back. She screeched and writhed in the streams, but her flesh was coming off in great slimy chunks, as if she were wax and had been dropped into a foundry furnace. It was all over in ten seconds, and every item for twenty feet in either direction had been knocked off the shelves, the Emperor was on his back, unable to right himself, and the ancient vampire was a puddle of red goo that still bubbled as it broke down. â€Å"What do you know,† said Troy Lee. â€Å"Grandma’s tea worked.† Lash nodded and threw the spear gun to the floor with a clank. â€Å"Clint! Clean up on aisle four!† JODY Because she never liked going to the gym, Jody decided to stake out the Raven from the roof of an office building next door instead of on the Bay Club. The fact that she’d been able to leap from brick balcony to brick balcony until she was on the roof, six floors up, proved what she had always maintained, at least when she was alive: working out is narcissistic bullshit. She almost wished that the girls she’d worked with at the Transamerica Building could see her now-all of them stuffing themselves into Spandex and nylon after work and heading to the Bay Club or 24 Hour Fitness in hope of meeting someone who wasn’t a creep and, in the case of the Bay Club members, someone who was rich. She imagined them saying, â€Å"Do you want to come with us? We can get you a guest pass. Mohitos afterward?† â€Å"No thanks,† she’d say. â€Å"I’m going to go bench-press an Audi a couple of sets, grab the satchel with the three-hundred grand I stashed on a roof up the street, and go back to my loft and fuck my immortal boyfriend until dawn.† Okay, that wasn’t really what she was going to do, but she for goddamn sure was not going to the gym and getting all sweaty so she could meet guys. She didn’t even want to be on the roof of the gym, knowing that there was unprotected fitness going on below. She could see the Raven across the Embarcadero, and the Rasta kid was doing nautical stuff with different instruments. At least she thought he was doing nautical stuff. He could have just been dicking around with expensive equipment. None of the vampires was there. There were lights coming from a few of the ports below the cockpit, but she didn’t see any movement. The sense of immediacy that had driven her here had evaporated somewhat. She thought about calling Tommy, but didn’t have any idea what his new cell phone number might be. She used Abby’s phone and dialed Foo’s number, but it went to voice mail, which she didn’t see as a good sign. If the other two vampires were out of the ship, and she had to wait for them to return, she’d never get a shot at them from this far away. If they didn’t come back until dawn, she’d be caught outside at sunrise. There was a warehouse by the pier, perhaps that roof. And she’d set herself a time limit. If they didn’t show by a half-hour before sunup, she’d head back to the loft. Even at a slow, human jog she’d make it in plenty of time. She’d have to sneak down the back of the building, though. You didn’t want people to see you jumping two or three stories at a time. She understood why the vampires had to keep their secret, she really did, but not at the expense of them killing her friends. â€Å"Good view?† A woman’s voice came from behind her. Jody rolled and whipped around, pulling Foo’s UV laser from the waistband of her jeans. She didn’t have on the sun-glasses so she pointed the laser at the figure coming across the roof toward her, closed her eyes, turned away, then fired. The laser buzzed out a blue beam that lasted two seconds, then started making a high-pitched whining sound as it recharged its capacitor. â€Å"Oh, very nice,† came the voice. It was definitely a woman, amazing figure, wearing a skin-tight black suit, a black mask, and sunglasses, and carrying some sort of weapon. She looked like a superhero. Jody was on her feet, in a crouch. The laser thing was still charging, but maybe it would fire a weaker blast, give her time to move. â€Å"Nah, nah, nah.† The woman raised her weapon, and fired. A stuttering stream of pellets peppered Jody’s arm and she lost hold of the laser. Jody felt as if her arm were on fire. She looked to see ten tiny holes, each smoking, with a clear liquid, not blood running out of it. The woman whipped off her hood and sunglasses, but kept the weapon trained on Jody. She was stunning, a pale, Mediterranean beauty with waist-length hair like black silk and almost impossibly large eyes. â€Å"That light thing is sweet, but you should get one of these,† she said. â€Å"It’s basically just a pellet gun modified to fire chemical pellets, but the chemical, there’s the magic.† â€Å"It burns like hell,† Jody said. â€Å"Yes, it does. And I could cut you in half with this before you could get to me. That’s the problem with light weapons, they don’t have range and it doesn’t take much to stop them. Like this suit, for instance. I mean, this thing has a UV light on it, but that’s just to keep you from turning to mist. Can you do that, fledgling?† â€Å"That’s what Elijah called me,† Jody said. â€Å"That’s what he called all of us in our day.† Jody tried to figure out how to get to the woman. She knew she could move impossibly fast for a human, but this was another vampire, a very old vampire. She had once squared off against Elijah thinking all things were equal among vampires and he’d nearly ended her. As if she was reading Jody’s thoughts the vampire fired her weapon and Jody felt her other arm light up with pain from shoulder to elbow. â€Å"Ouch. Fuck. You bitch!† â€Å"Bella, not bitch. And what were you going to do to me, fledgling? Do you have any idea what you’ve done? We have been together hundreds of years. You ended pieces of history. You took parts of me.† She fired again and Jody’s right leg gave way. â€Å"What do you mean, pieces?† â€Å"You don’t know what it is to merge with another being then? With a lover? We were lovers, Rolf, Makeda, and me, for hundreds of years, and now they are gone.† â€Å"I don’t know what you’re talking about.† â€Å"Both are gone, I could feel it. Funny, I didn’t know I was always aware of their presence until they were gone. Not an hour ago. I’m alone now. I should let you live if only because we’ve lost two. There are fewer than a hundred of us, fledgling, and you might have been one of us.† â€Å"I didn’t know,† Jody said. â€Å"I don’t even care anymore. Maybe I’ll just kill you and lie down and wait for the sun to come up. I’ll never even know what happened.† â€Å"Trust me, that’s not as painless as you think it is,† Jody said. â€Å"Don’t!† said Bella. She raised her weapon again but this time, when the little UV light came on, Jody pushed off with her good leg, did a high backflip, and fell six stories to the courtyard below. She expected to feel bone-crushing pain, hear the crackle of vertebrae, maybe even the crunch of her skull, but instead she felt warm water envelop her. She had landed in the Bay Club’s pool, which meant she must have launched herself a good forty feet away from the roof. Her predator mind, the one that had risen to tell her that the City was hers, now kicked in, assessing survival. She was under water, that was good. The pellet weapon wouldn’t penetrate the water more than a foot before losing it’s effectiveness. Plus, the pool water was flushing out whatever heinous chemical had been burning her. She felt herself healing, even as she hovered at the bottom of the pool. She could stay there indefinitely without breathing if necessary. The bad news was that Bella was still up there, and as soon as Jody left the water, the good news would end. It was very unlikely she could take the older vampire hand-to-hand, even if she could get past the pellet weapon, but she could run. Even if she was no faster than Bella, she knew this neighborhood. She’d worked here for years, and she wasn’t three blocks from Okata’s dismal little apartment. She dug in her jacket pocket and found Abby’s phone. It was a weatherized model and the screen was still showing the time. Still four hours until sunup, and that was a guess. She had to cut it extremely close, but if she could bolt away from the Raven with just enough time to find shelter herself, but not enough time for Bella, she just might get away. And maybe in the meantime, Rivera and Cavuto would call out a S.W.A.T. team to storm the black ship. Or the Animals would blow it up, like they had Elijah’s yacht. Maybe Bella would dive into the water after her, although losing the high ground would take away a distinct advantage. Maybe one of the people in the apartments above would look down and think there was a body in the pool, and she could make her escape when the EMTs came to rescue her. That’s it. She assumed the yoga posture called â€Å"down-floating corpse† and waited, listening for any disturbance that might indicate she had company in the pool, and concentrated on her wound healing. Maybe if she healed enough she could go to mist and sneak out that way. She hadn’t moved a lot in mist form, nor had she ever changed under water and she wasn’t sure she could, but it might be worth a try. A shadow fell across the bottom of the pool, cast by the mercury lights above, and she flipped over to see Bella moving catlike at the edge of the pool. Then again, maybe not. CHET He’d watched them slaughter all of his fellow vampire cats and instead of running, as would have been his feline instinct, he tracked the killers, which was behavior born entirely of his human side. The three sides of his nature were in constant conflict. Even now, his cat side hated water, and wanted to flee, but his human side felt hate rising and wanted to attack. The vampire side told him to remain hidden, to approach in stealth, as mist, but his cat side told him to pounce, rip her throat out with claw and fang. It occurred to him, as he watched from the roof of the Bay Club as she paced around the pool in her skin-tight black suit, that water or no water, revenge or no revenge, he was going to hump the bejezus out of her before any other action took place. There was part tomcat in all of his natures. He’d started his pack by mating with any female in heat, then they turned males, and so on. And he continued his undead romp through the alleys and backyards of San Francisco, but as he grew larger, and the human part of him manifested, he was just too big to finish the deed. If he fed on them, they went to dust before he got to hump them, and if humped them, they didn’t survive for him to feed on them, and he’d humped a bunch of cats to death before he figured that out. It turned out, size did matter. But here was the perfect solution. Moving strong and sexy, just the right size-he could lock his jaws on her neck and have at it, then drink her blood or bite her head off as the whim hit him, and all the time that horrible weapon would be pointed away from him. He went to mist and oozed down the side of the building in a stream that blended with the night fog creeping in off the Bay. JODY Jody just happened to be looking up at Bella’s watery silhouette against the mercury light when she saw another shape appear behind Bella, leap on her back, and pull her away from the edge of the pool. Jody was not going to sit around checking references, whatever that thing was, it was an ally. She came out of the water like a rocket, and in two steps she leapt to the top of the twelve-foot security fence and looked back. Something had pulled Bella around and now had her face-down on the pavement and appeared to be humping the bejezus out of her. Jody knew she shouldn’t, but she paused. Big kitty ears, big kitty tail, big kitty sinking his fangs into the back of Bella’s neck. Kitty was as big as Bella, maybe a little bigger. Chet. Bad kitty, Jody thought. Bella shrieked, then launched herself backward with her arms, lifting both of them into the air, where they did a half-backflip and landed on the concrete with Chet’s back as the point of impact. He let go with his jaws and Bella spun around and let loose with the pellet weapon. Chet yowled and jerked on the ground. Bella strafed his neck, which dissolved instantly into a mass of goo. He stopped moving. Jody had seen enough. She leapt off the fence to the sidewalk and took off into the financial district, taking a right at the next corner, then a left, going as fast as her legs would carry her-to hell with someone seeing. She tried to go to mist, but couldn’t. Either the fear or her injuries were stopping her. She could hear Bella’s footsteps behind her, a block away, now less than a block. What was the range of that pellet weapon anyway? Left on Broadway, left on Battery, right on Pacific, footsteps on her ass, now left on Sansome, next left, she heard the pellet gun sputter and she felt her right leg go out from under her. She rolled and tried to come up but the gun sputtered again and her left leg was gone. She rolled over onto her back, pushed away, scooting on her butt. The gun spat and her left elbow stopped working. â€Å"Fuck, how much ammo does that thing have?† â€Å"More than I’ll need to turn you to soup,† Bella said. â€Å"Oh look, no swimming pool.† â€Å"Shame, I guess you won’t get to enjoy another kitty fuck.† The gun spat. Jody’s right arm folded behind her with a splash of pain. Bella ran her nails over her breast. â€Å"Didn’t happen. This suit will stop light, even small-caliber firearms-â€Å" But evidently not blades, Jody thought. Because she was a vampire, and things happened more slowly to her predator eyes, she saw the blade come over Bella’s shoulder, enter her body at her left trapezius, and zip across her chest and her kitty-dick-proof suit to exit just under her right arm. Bella’s head and right arm slid right, her left arm and the rest of her body fell left. She had a rather surprised expression on her face that stayed there, even as her mouth continued to work soundlessly, as if she really, desperately wanted to finish that last sentence. â€Å"Hello,† Okata said. Jody looked past the swordsman to the sign on the corner that read: JACKSON STREET. How to cite Bite Me: A Love Story Chapter 23, Essay examples

Sources of Conflict in Leadership IT Management for Organisation

Question: Write about theSources of Conflict in Leadership IT Management for Organisation. Answer: Leadership can lead you anywhere Leadership can be defined as the action which is being performed by the person who leads a group or the group of people in an organisation. The leadership forms the quality of being a leader on the individual basis i.e. a person leads and guide the employees of an organisation or on individual basis or to an entire organisation. Leadership requires set of practical skills and knowledge which will lead towards whole organisation and sometimes it becomes critical to understand the situations being faced in an organisation and because of this the conflicts arises. And to avoid the conflicts being raised in an organisation a leader make an appropriate and the sound decision and inspire the employees working in a teams or in organisation to perform well (Bolman Deal, 2017). The conflicts arises in leadership or leading to an organisation when the conflicts arose in various controversies which is yet being a most common thing in an organisation. The word conflict is the most common among the people whether if we talk about the organisation or in any other field (Certo, 2015). As long as we talked about the people there is some other conflicts being placed as the potential or regarding to meet the potential targets. In the company it is important to be mature and grown enough. Sometimes conflicts make the relationship better between two people when dealing with the conflicts being arisen. It is very essential and leaderships play a vital role in an organisation to turn the conflict into a healthy manner (Ellis Bach 2015). Research made on the conflicts being arise in an organisation on the daily basis are based on the social interaction, status and power of the employee, beliefs among the team members etc. The following aspects raise the conflicts, having the broad ideas of conflict, because these causes sometimes lack in the key components such as minimal communication and relationship aspects. There is no proper definition of the conflicts as the conflicts arisen keep on changing they are not fixed in the organisation. The conflict arises in the leadership can be emotional state, or it can be any kind of relationship, misperceptions during leadership, miscommunication among teams, etc. (Goetsch Davis, 2014). The leadership conflicts being raised in an organisation and is examined on the basis of 3 types i.e. Relationship conflicts in an organisation- The conflict arises and based on the relationship between the people, individual nature, egoistic problem etc. This conflict is generally being faced in an organisation by the managers and the leaders who try to sometimes to avoid such situations. This conflict generally known as affective or motional conflict. Leadership Task this task is also known as intellectual conflict. It generally happens when the plans main but are not implemented according to the given resources or to the given ideas. In this process the research made and the conclusion was found that this conflict arise when the opinions and the views doesnt match, team getting diverse, trust problems, etc. (Jin et al., 2014). Leadership Process- It is not much examined in an organisation. Because for this leader is there to bear the conflicts being faced in that process. The conflict generally arises when the task is made but the handling to the process is not been implemented. This conflict arises on lacking to the personal nature. Managing the conflicts been raised in an Organisation There are various pros and cons been raised during the leadership process and according to the research it generally creates a kiosk between leaders and the executives in an organisation. It is essential in every business organisations to understand the basic morals of the company, it is necessary for all the individuals working should lead to the good performance (Jones et al., 2015). Sometimes leaders learn from the conflicts as for the disagreements arise can give the very great ideas and the fresh start up so as to start working on the new policies. It is essential to realise why the conflict arise by doing the research and determining in which field the problem was arising like the unhealthy relationships being raised and it is essential to ignore this by simply building the healthy one at the early age. It is essential for the leader to spend time with the teams and the individual ones to build a strong bond and have a healthy communication by giving the best solution, educatin g the personality traits, developing the trust among the team members etc. (Kessler et al, 2013). The leader should go through an organisational factors and see where the conflicts taking place whether it is lack of sensitivity or to the gender or age factors or the an individual who is highly qualified according to the other members in a team. A Leader should follow his formal authorities so as to satisfy all the concerns of the company. Collaboration plays an important role because it is necessary to be accepted in every company to establish the positive relationship with the other party to work on the same issues so as the quick outcome would be made. Conclusion on Resolving of Conflicts Successfully In todays era every organisation should have a great leader to deal with all the conflicts and the issues been arises in the company. Therefore, conflicts generally state that, it has the source of negativity in an organisation. It has become a very important part to resolve the conflict successfully which boon the organisation to meet the targets, it generally helps to resolve the problems been arise and to prevent the variances from occurring in the future. The prominent leader should resolve the solutions to play an important role in conflicting resolution. Sometimes its not easy to resolve the conflict and because sometimes the conflicts can take place for a long term. It is essential that the executives should see to the issues arise and they should resolve and built the healthy relationship between the employees and the Leaders (Moore, 2014). References Bolman, L. G., Deal, T. E. (2017).Reframing organizations: Artistry, choice, and leadership. John Wiley Sons. Certo, S. (2015).Supervision: Concepts and skill-building. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Ellis, P., Bach, S. (2015).Leadership, management and team working in nursing. Learning Matters. Goetsch, D. L., Davis, S. B. (2014).Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Jin, Y., Liu, B. F., Austin, L. L. (2014). Examining the role of social media in effective crisis management: The effects of crisis origin, information form, and source on publics crisis responses.Communication research,41(1), 74-94. Jones, G., George, J. (2015).Contemporary management. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Kessler, S. R., Bruursema, K., Rodopman, B., Spector, P. E. (2013). Leadership, interpersonal conflict, and counterproductive work behavior: An examination of the stressorstrain process.Negotiation and Conflict Management Research,6(3), 180-190. Moore, C. W. (2014).The mediation process: Practical strategies for resolving conflict. John Wiley Sons.

The Clinton Health Plan Essay Example For Students

The Clinton Health Plan Essay The health care situation in the United States is in dire need of achange. The United States spends more money on health care per individualthan any other nation in the world (14%of its GNP in 1991), and that amountis quickly rising. Virtually everyone, from doctors to politicians,recognize the unwieldy situation of health care in America, and realizethat something must be done. In order to attempt to correct the failures of the current health caresituation, one must understand the problems that led to the deteriorationof the health care system. Perhaps the main problem with health care todayis that there are 37 million Americans without insurance, and another 20million are underinsured Another large problem with the way health care is presently organizedis as Clinton helpfully points out waste. Some common examples are: Paperwork: There are thousands of insurance companies in the US, andeach one has many forms for doctors and patients to fill out. So much so,that doctors spend more time improving their handwriting than healingpeople. We will write a custom essay on The Clinton Health Plan specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Greed and Profiteering: Some drug companies make over 10,000% profit onthe drugs they manufacture. In 1991, the median income of doctors was$139,000 for general practitioners and $512,000 for specialists. Unneeded Surgery and Tests: Possibly 15 to 35% of certain types ofoperations and tests are unneeded. Malpractice Suits and DefensiveMedicine: Doctors pay high premiums on malpractice insurance which causesthem to charge more. The reason that these premiums are so high is becausecurrently there are practically no limits to an amount that can be sued forpain and damages. Defensive medicine procedures done to protect doctorsfrom being sued is costing this country greatly. Recognizing that waste is one of the greatest causes of the high pricesin health care, Clinton has introduced a plan to revise the health caresystem by eliminating waste, and making sure that every single American canbe covered by a health plan. Clintons plan is based on three premises. First, that there is enoughwaste in the current health care system to cover the costs of his new plan. Second, that his plan will create competition within the insuranceindustry. Last, that his plan can put a cap on insurance prices. The core of Clintons plan is to set up regional health alliances,which would buy insurance on behalf of thousands of consumers. Aseven-member National Health Board will be set up to scrutinize the healthalliances. The health alliances would be limited by the National HealthBoard by having price caps on the premiums, and by assuring that the healthalliances will accept all applicants including those that are high-risk. Each health alliance will have three or four different options (HMO, feefor service, and combination plans) which the consumers could choose from. In the case of the employed, the insurance would be paid 80% by theemployers and 20% by the employees. In the case of self- employed andnon-employed, they would have to pay the full cost of the premiums bythemselves, unless they qualify for government subsidies. The Clinton plan also will limit what types of operations are covered,and it puts restrictions on how long a person can stay in a hospital,nursing home, or rehabilitation center. It would also regulate the wagesof specialists, and the prices of drugs. Overall, what Clintons health care plan will do is put caps oninsurance premiums thereby causing competition between insurers. It willalso greatly reduce the waste by: reducing the paperwork enormously byhaving fewer insurance companies; removing unnecessary procedures byputting limits on the insurance. It will also decrease greed andprofiteering by putting limits on doctors salaries and on drug prices. .u9760aa2395080e848791a7c2f188e789 , .u9760aa2395080e848791a7c2f188e789 .postImageUrl , .u9760aa2395080e848791a7c2f188e789 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9760aa2395080e848791a7c2f188e789 , .u9760aa2395080e848791a7c2f188e789:hover , .u9760aa2395080e848791a7c2f188e789:visited , .u9760aa2395080e848791a7c2f188e789:active { border:0!important; } .u9760aa2395080e848791a7c2f188e789 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9760aa2395080e848791a7c2f188e789 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9760aa2395080e848791a7c2f188e789:active , .u9760aa2395080e848791a7c2f188e789:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9760aa2395080e848791a7c2f188e789 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9760aa2395080e848791a7c2f188e789 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9760aa2395080e848791a7c2f188e789 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9760aa2395080e848791a7c2f188e789 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9760aa2395080e848791a7c2f188e789:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9760aa2395080e848791a7c2f188e789 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9760aa2395080e848791a7c2f188e789 .u9760aa2395080e848791a7c2f188e789-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9760aa2395080e848791a7c2f188e789:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: To Kill A Mockingbird Essay Summary The Clinton health care plan is not without its faults. One of themajor problems is that it assumes that there is a tremendous amount ofwaste in the current system, but many people say that that is an overassumption. Another problem is that managed competition, (an attempt tocreate competition in the health-care market) might not work in the healthcare industry because everything is covered in premiums, and there is athird indirect party (insurance company), which does all the buying andselling of health services. Another problem, which is not a problem with the plan itself ratherwith getting it passed, is that there are many groups opposed to theClinton plan. Many politicians do not like Clintons plan because they feel that itis too hard on small businesses, forcing them to pay 80% of theiremployees insurance, and because the Clinton plan does not limit pain andsuffering damages for malpractice suits.All the insurance companies areobviously against Clintons plan, because it will put restrictions on thepremiums, and he will force the insurance companies to accept high-riskpatients. Many of the large companies support Clintons plan because theyalready pay the insurance for most of their employees, and all Clintonplan will do is lower their premiums. But, many small businesses areagainst the plan because they do not currently pay any amount of theiremployees premiums, and they feel that the plan will take a large chunkout of their profits and they will be forced to lower wages. The AMA (American Medical Association) is against many things inClintons plan, most importantly the imposition of cost controls and thefailure to put financial limits on malpractice suits(In fact 600 doctorsmarched up the steps of Capital Hill to defend their right to earn sixtimes as much as the average American family, and still play golf onWednesdays). In general, no one is happy at the way the health care situation isbeing handled now, but even though everyone accepts the fact that a changeis needed, many people are skeptical about Clintons health care plan. Yes,his plan sounds good on paper, but will it work? is what many people arewondering. Overall Clintons plan is generally good. If it works it will provideuniversal coverage with controlled costs. If it works. The problem withClintons plan, and in fact any other plan is that it has to put limits onoperations, research, and tests. Who is to set these limits that mightdecide whether a person might live or die? Clintons plan also does not allow much for freedom of choice ofdoctors. Clinton is pushing the HMO (Health Maintenance Organization) partof his plan, and if one wants to choose his own doctor, he must pay adeductible and 20% of the costs of the visit. Americans, in general, do not want an HMO type system rather they wantto be able to go to the doctor they choose. American people prefer atrusting doctor-patient relationship, if they know their doctor it makeslife much easier. Clintons plan also has a problem in that it does not limit the amountof money that can be sued for for pain and damages in a malpractice suit. If Clinton were to add a clause about limiting the sum of money that couldbe collected for malpractice suits, he would get a great deal more supportfrom the AMA, and from doctors in general. Right now the health situation is America is very grave, and right nowPresident Clinton has a possible solution. His plan does not make everyonehappy, and it will not solve all our health problems no matter howsuccessful it is, but then again no possible plan will resolve all ourhealth care problems. There are many criticisms against Clintons plan,but if we dont try, we definitely will not succeed. .u5d755406316d9608183af891a09633ae , .u5d755406316d9608183af891a09633ae .postImageUrl , .u5d755406316d9608183af891a09633ae .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5d755406316d9608183af891a09633ae , .u5d755406316d9608183af891a09633ae:hover , .u5d755406316d9608183af891a09633ae:visited , .u5d755406316d9608183af891a09633ae:active { border:0!important; } .u5d755406316d9608183af891a09633ae .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5d755406316d9608183af891a09633ae { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5d755406316d9608183af891a09633ae:active , .u5d755406316d9608183af891a09633ae:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5d755406316d9608183af891a09633ae .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5d755406316d9608183af891a09633ae .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5d755406316d9608183af891a09633ae .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5d755406316d9608183af891a09633ae .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5d755406316d9608183af891a09633ae:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5d755406316d9608183af891a09633ae .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5d755406316d9608183af891a09633ae .u5d755406316d9608183af891a09633ae-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5d755406316d9608183af891a09633ae:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Arts and Artist Paper Essay EndnotesBibliography1.A New Framework for Health CareNew York Times, November 14, 1993, Section 4A p.32.Bradsher, Keith Business Leaders Voice Skepticisms of Health PlanNew York Times, October 8, 1993, p.263.Church, George C. Lots of Second OpinionsTime, October 27, 1993, pp.34-404.Clift, Eleanor Big Sister and CriticsNewsweek, November 1, 1993, pp.25-265.Clift, Eleanor The Gender WarsNewsweek, October 4, 1993, p.506.Clymer, Adam Growing Consensus On Covering All, But How?New York Times, November 14, 1993, Section 4A p.17.Cohn, Bob But What Does It Mean For Me?Newsweek, September 27, 1993, p.378.Cohn, Bob The Power of SinNewsweek, October, 4 199 3, p.519.Eckholm, Erik Moment of Decision for Health CareNew York Times, November 14, 1993, Section 4A p.110.Eckholm, Erik More Choices, But Also More CostsNew York Times, November 14, 1993, Section 4A p.1011.Egan, Timothy Setting An Example For The Rest of The NationNew York Times, November 14, 1993, Section 4A p.812.Fineman, Howard Clintons Hard SellNewsweek, September 27, 1993, pp.34-3613.Freudenheim, Milt Medical-Industrial Complex:Who WinsNew York Times, November 14, 1993, Section 4A p.1314.Gibbs, Nancy Here Comes Dr. NoTime, October 11, 1993, pp.26-2915.Goodgame, Dan Healthy DissentTime, October 11, 1993, p.3116.Health Care:Clinton Plan, and The AlternativesNew York Times, October 17, 1993, p.2217.Kerr, Peter Reshaping the Medical MarketplaceNovember 14, November 14, 1993, Section 4A p.1118.Kilborn, Peter T. Voices of the People:Struggles, Hope, and FearNew York Times, November 14, 1993, Section 4A, p.119.Kolata, Gina Catch-22:Lose Health, Lose PolicyNew York Times, November 1 4, 1993, Section 4A p.420.Kolata, Gina Will the Nation Be Healthier? New York Times, October 17, 1993, p. 121.Lewin, Tamar Those With Large Bills See Aid In Clinton PlanNew York Times, November 14, 1993, Section 4A p.1022.Lowther, William A Prescription for ChangeMacleans, October 4, 1993, p.3923.Morganthau, Tom The Clinton CureNewsweek, October 4, 1993, pp.36-4524.Morganthau, Tom The Clinton SolutionNewsweek, September 20, 1993, pp.30-3525.Pear, Robert Delay on Health Care Reflects Tasks ComplexityNew York Times, October 12, 1993, p.26.Reinhold, Robert Amid Mountains of Paper, a War Against a Tideof Red Ink. New York Times, November 14, 1993, Section 4A p.427.Rosenthal, Elizabeth Confusion, Errors, and Fraud, In MedicalBills. New York Times, November 14, 1993, Section 4A p.528.Samuelson, Robert J. Health Care:How We Got Into This MessNewsweek, October 4, 1993, pp. 30-3529.Rich, Thomas A Walk In SpaceNewsweek, October 4, 1993, pp.46-4930.Rich, Thomas Back To Smoke and MirrorsNewsweek, October 4, 1993, pp.36-3731.Whitney, Craig R. Coverage for All, Wit h ChoicesNew York Times, November 14, 1993, Section 4A p.932.Uchitelle, Louis Companies of All Sizes Tally Effects of PlanNew York Times, November 14, 1993, Section 4A p.13

Tamura Toshikos A Woman Writer essays

Tamura Toshikos A Woman Writer essays The first story by Tamura Toshiko, "A Woman Writer" was incredibly upsetting. This intelligent, successful woman seems very unsatisfied and unhappy, though it would appear that she has everything that she could ever want. Looking deeper though, one sees her anguish in her marriage to a man who feels no emotion toward her, whether it be love or hate. All she receives is total indifference from this man who was her first love; a man she will always care for deeply. This void of emotion in her life has driven her into a severe writer's block, making her feel as though "no matter how hard she wrung (her brain), her bag of wits offered not so much as a single word that was alive not half a phrase that smelled of warm blood." (pg. 11) To be at a place in your life when you can't reach within yourself to find any inspiration except daydreams that do not fulfill your needs seems heartbreaking to me. The woman's use of powder also showed her displeasure with herself and the world around her. She could not be without this mask on her face, even in sleep. When she does not wear this white disguise "her emotions become jagged; she felt awful, unduly suspicious, and it showed in her expressions. Her mood deteriorated; she became sulky and lost all desire to be flirtatious." (pg. 12) She was a woman living in a world that was not reality, and she cannot express herself unless she is living in her fantasy. The problem that has occurred though, is that she is now unable to reach any of her emotions, even with her masks and temper tantrums. She finally starts to realize how truly discontented she is when she talks to her friend about each of their definitions of love. Though I don't necessarily agree with the writer's friend's conception of a true love without compromise, she does point out how easy it is to lose yourself in a relationship. The writer believes she is "worthless" in some ...

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 45

Case Study Example A company that combines teamwork and motivation enjoys increased employee productivity that accrues from employee job satisfaction. Profit sharing is one of the motivational techniques that Semco uses. Semco gives one-quarter of the profits of its individual divisions to its employees. Also, Semco uses worker participation is an important element of employee motivation. Semco’s employees are involved in the processes of planning, decision-making, and implementation of business plans and ideas. Semco’s employee participation is captured in it policy manual that says, â€Å"Our philosophy is built on participation and involvement. Do not settle down. Give opinions, seek opportunities and advancement, always say what you think. Doesn’t be just one more person in the company† (Killian & Perez 1998). Semco’s use of shared profits and bonuses as a motivation technique is similar to that of SAP. SAP’s other monetary benefits to its employees are in terms of life assurance and pensions and Semco extends bonuses to its employees in terms of house allowances. The freedom allowed Semco’s employees resemble closely the freedom allowed SAP’s employees (BBC 2012). In both companies, there is flexibility in terms of working hours and employees are accorded the discretion to modify work to suit their convenience. A striking similarity between the two companies is the structure of their management. Their managements are not hierarchical and managers are not feared like in other organizations. A notable difference between Semco and SAP is that SAP extends its employee monetary benefits to their families. This way, SAP combines employees’ personal life and their work life (BBC 2012). On the other hand, Semco separates the two and any benefits that reach employees’ families are not purposively channelled. Semler believe that mixing employees’ work life with their family life is not good for business. Semler belief that combining the two can affect an

Foundations of biological functioning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Foundations of biological functioning - Essay Example Correlational method is considered by scientists in the experimental context as important in the process of validation. For example, if the results of an experiment can be verified through methods outside of the initial experimentation, then there is a higher chance that the conclusions reached are valid or even universal in application. Similarly, if other methodologies fail to produce corresponding results, or even produce data that conflicts with the experiment as referenced, then there may be serious dispute as to the validity of the conclusions involved. In general, experimental results should be supported across methodologies of correlation if they are to be considered valid in practice. 2) Describe the double-blind technique and state the significance of it. The double-blind technique is where neither the administrator of the medicine or the experimental behavior of the research nor the patient / participant knows whether they are part of the active experiment or a placebo tes t group. Both the experimental manager and patient or participant is â€Å"blind† as to whether they are administering or receiving a placebo drug or the real compound under testing. This is said to produce more reliable results as it removes suggestibility and subtle influences from the researchers from the data. 3) Imagine you work for a drug company that just created a medication to decrease anxiety in adults. Design an experiment using the appropriate research method that would allow you to best market your company's new pill. The clinical trial is based on two subject groups in this instance of testing an anti-anxiety medicine. The first patient group is considered to be new anxiety patients who are reporting their first contact with medical professionals for the problem of anxiety. They are given the medicine in a test study by researchers using the double-blind methods and placebos. Their recovery and improvement rate is tracked against the placebo group, and other med icines. In the second patient group, habitual sufferers of anxiety who previously failed to result in improvement with other methods of medication are tested with the new medication following the same double-blind methodology and analysis. 4) Jack was hit by a drunk driver and sustained a severe injury to his left frontal lobe. What should Jack and his family expect now? What difference, if any, might Jack's age make on the situation? The left-frontal lobe is related predominately to language processing and higher critical thinking in the brain, and thus following this injury it can be expected for acute language disruption in speaking, vocabulary memory, and even self-identity structures related to language, as well as motor-coordination problems. Age is a minor factor to consider when structural anatomical damage is present. The ability of the brain to re-route and repair functionality around the missing and damaged pieces of the brain is not overly-determined by age, though young er patients may relearn these abilities easier. 5) Explain at least three of the following techniques used to study the brain: EEG, CT scan, MRI, PET scan, fMRI. What is the significance of these brain-imaging techniques? The EEG or Electroencephalogram measures mental activity through electronic sensors or electrodes placed around the outside of the skull and transferred into patterns of change by monitoring machines. MRI or Magnetic Resonance

Britannia International Hotel Industry: Analysis

Britannia International Hotel Industry: Analysis This is the strategic report on the Britannia International Hotel industry. It discusses the scheme of the strategic management in the business with the analysing of the tools of the strategy in the day to day operations of the business. Strategic report is focusing on the impact analysis of the business strategy of the hotel industry with the giving of the overall view on the strategic management scheme in the hotel industry. It is ideally giving of the recommendation for the improvement of the performance level of the hotel industry in the current market with the adoption of the suitable , feasible and acceptable techniques of the Hospitality Management to improve the level of the performance in the business. Introduction This is the strategic assignment focusing on the Britannia International Hotel Industry in London. The aim of the assignment is to discuss the strategic policy management of the Britannia International Hotel industry in London in the relation to their internal and external business environment. The Britannia International is one of the prominent hotel industry in the London situated at the heart of the city at Canary Wharf, London. They are having 35 hotels across United Kingdom using 7000 bedrooms, One of the hotel at the prime location of the city in London at the Canary Wharf is the key success factor nearer to the major airports and the seaside resorts surrounded by stunning country side (Lehman,2007) The strategic aim of the hotel industry is to provide the optimum money value at the desired level of the satisfaction facilitating to the easy opportunity of the decision-making to the guests who are coming ion the hotel industry (Buidcon,2009) As the London is an international cit y in the world many guests are used to come here from the different parts of the world in order to enjoy the city of London with its greenery, atmosphere, surroundings – due to which there is a wide scope of the development of the Hospitality industry in this area in order to hospitalise the visitors in this country. As a result many hotel industries are the wide popular in this city used to earn the good source of the potential income and sales turnover. The Britannia International at the Canary Wharf is offering the extremely competitive rates in the combination with the flourishes decoration with the facilities including restaurant, health club, night club, bars and free wireless internet access. (Gary,2010) The hotel is situated on the waters edge next to the Canary Wharf, at the Docklands of the London in the internationally developed renowned office development, the hotel industry is fully modernised in the traditional culture having up to date facilities (Simson,2009) Modern style hotel located on the waterside in Londons docklands closed to Canary Wharf where there are many international businesses as well as large shopping centre , various restaurants and Bars (Gilston,2010) Literature Review Business Strategy of the Britannia hotel industry is purely of the functional and authoritative nature, Hotel industry is rationally divided in to four parts of the line of the organisational set up in which there are the functional departments are diversified as per the core area of the business management, Strategic planning of the hotel industry is made on the basis of the grouping of functions in to four imperative divisions they are the Operations, Human Resource, Marketing and Finance, Information Management section is the co-coordinator of all the departments which is involved in the transfer of the information with in the different active departments as a core functional chain in the business (Tandon,2007) Strategic Management of the hotel industry is having a dynamic and imperative weight in the international cities as per the depending of the nature and scope of activities , many guests and visitors are used to come in the city of London which has created an enormous beauty and scope of the activities of the hospitalisation in the city of London, different services are provided as per the capability and intensity of the hotel industry at the reasonable rates in order to achieve an optimum level of the satisfaction from the customers, supplier power of the hotel industry is really is magnificent they are providing the restaurant, Bar, Kitchen, living and boarding facilities having 4 big halls for the conducting of events such as marriages, birth day parties, functions, meetings, ceremonies in which the area of the potentials of the hotel industry are based, recently they are planning to start the travel and tourism operations as their supportive area of activity to the core functional scheme which is the additional source of the revenue recognition (Rodrics,2010) Glance situation of the hotel industry at the magnified location is the measured strength of the hotel industry at the Canary Wharf , the increasing the number of the people with the large sco pe for the sale of the food items in the glorious location of the hotel industry are some of the ideal characteristics of the hotel industry giving the prominent scope of the development and hospitalisation (Small,2009) Intensity of the buyer towards the hotel industry is strategic and sound as they are willing to get the supreme level of the services with in the reasonable costs and achieving the enjoyment of the city of London, Docklands area near to sea shore is giving the glance opportunity of the business development to the Britannia international hotel industry at the higher rate of income with the global status and the exclusive customer support, they are having a stratified customer relationship management strategy in which functional scope of the CRM dimensions has been predicted through the norms of the customer identification , customer attraction, customer development and the customer retention (Philip,2008) The strategic Management of the Hospitality industry in London is the core activity of the management in which functional scope is administered as a tool of the resource management, Operational activities are coming under the day to day performances of the business and regular services to the guests who are coming in the hospitality industry in order to acquire services and potentialities for the earning of the higher revenue generation in the day to day operational management, Human resource strategy is the core activity of the functional management in which major concentration is given on the process of the recruitment and selection of the new candidates in the service so as to get completion of the business activities in the right strategic order and at the right time with in the reasonable resources, Marketing Activities are the activities which are relating to the development of the market through the making of the strategic relationships with the customers and attracting them in the shoes of the customer in order to develop and expand the business activities, Finance department is involved in the strategic financial operations including the accounting , internal audits, finance management, investments in the area of the business so as to maintain the liquidity and the cash management in the day to day business operations, Information Management department is the channelising information department in the business with the providing of the time to time information in the order to regulate the departmental activities in the business organisation (Shardul,2010) Discussion The strategic report is discussing on the management policy of the Britannia International Hotel industry. In the international city of London the wide scope is available for the hospitalisation sector as many visitors are used to come here from the different parts of the world in order to pursue their education, jobs, picnics and visits, living. In due course of the same there is a wide scope available for the development of the hospitality industry in this city to entertain the visitors . There is a wide scope of the strategic management in the hotel industry so as to administer the group of activities in the business management policy of the hospitalisation. Business strategy has been constructed as per the model guideline of the core hospitalisation. Hotel industry is using the effective and efficient Customer Relationship Management strategy in order to make the long lasting relations with the guests, visitors in the shoes of their customers . The strategy of the Customer Relati onship Management has been constructed in the view of the implementation of the efficient and effective CRM dimensions of the customer identification, attraction, retention and development to make the expansion of the business activities to capture the wider segment of the market. Market development strategies used to be formed with the using of the effective marketing communication techniques such as advertising and publicity , sales promotions, direct marketing , public relations and personal selling which will be helpful to develop the good communication system of the hotel with the creating of the Goodwill in the business. Business strategy of the Britannia international is constructed as per the ideal divisions of the functional activities in the four major departments specifying the executive strategy of the hospitality operations. Critical Analysis Strategic Management policy of the Britannia hotel industry is a constructive idea of the operational profile in which there is a wide scope available for the coverage of the functional area of activities. The strategic idea of the functional approach of the management policy is depending on the availability of the strategic factors which are in the support of the management and get inverse with the management. Following are the SWOT analysis are focusing on the internal and external factors of the hotel industry – a) Strengths Glance location of the hotel industry in the midlands nearer of the dockland airport is facilitating the visitors to take stay in the hotel. Availability of the feasible facilities including the air conditioned rooms, lodging and boarding, Restaurants, Bar,Kithen are all giving the strengths of the business. Staff operations are commensurate to the strategic development of activities , with the expertises of the staff and availability of the potential capacity of the labour services. Availability of the tourism operations is creating an additional constructive strength of the business . The scope of the information management department is to handle the ideal activities of the marketing function through the implementation of the different strategic marketing techniques. Availability of full fledged well furnished rooms , with the big halls for the events, ideal structure of the hotel set up is an added advantage. b) Weaknesses – No scope for the parking facility of the vehicles in the surrounding area of the hotel industry. Increasing the rate of the labour turnover in the business with the improper workforce management activities. There is a serious increases in the budgeted expenditures of the hotel industry in due course of the increasing the labour turnover of the business. Reduction in the profitability of the business over the period of time is affecting on the performance level of the hotel industry. Increasing in the costs expenditures will commensurate to the revenue recognition from the day to day operational control of the business. c) Opportunities – There is a greater scope available for the hospitalisation in the area of Canary Wharf. As London is one of the international city in the world many visitors are used to come here for the visits , picnic, education,travel,living,jobs. So that there is a wide scope of the opportunities for the development of the business is available towards the international visitors. Performance level of the hospitality industry is at the optimum rank , further there is a wide scope of the development to increase the level of the performance of the business with the employment of the skilled, efficient labour in the day to day business operations. Level of the business management can be used as a basis of the chanelising the information management function in order to acquire the objectives of the business. d) Threats – As the London is an international city in the world, many spectators are used to come here from the different parts of the world. It is therefore there is a wide scope for the development of the Hospitality industry in this area. The scope of the Hospitalisation is quite more in this city of London. Due to which many hotel industries are used to operate in this city to entertain the globalise visitors, guests. It is leading to the emergence of the different hotel industries. Hotel Hilton Metropolitan, Hotel Syon Park, Hotel Chariot Mirror are some of the leading hotel industries in the city competing the Britannia International. SWOT analysis is pertaining to the focus on the internal and external business environment which shows an exact picture of the hotel industry in a strategic manner. In depth focus further can be made in the business activities through the applications of the tool of the Porters five forces – Supplier Power – It is the creative idea of the different facilities offered by the Britannia hotel industry in the hospitalisation. They are having Bar , Restaurant, Kitchen services , lodging and boarding facilities , full well furnished air conditioned rooms which are attracting the visitors in the hotel. At one time more than 100 of people can have stay in the hotel in the well furnished rooms. There is an optimum level of the food facility available for the guests and visitors. Bar services are more timely and co-efficient. Operational strategic management has been done based on the implementing the ideal strategy of the hospitality management and its core area of the knowledge. The Hotel industry is having the strategic supply power which can attract the large number of customers in order to increase the capacity sales. Buyer Power – This is the power of the buyer intensity in which study of the buyer behaviour has been conducted. Buyer power is created with the availability of the financial position of the buyer leading to increase in the level of consumption. Understanding of the buyer behaviour in the business is a strategic task of the assessing of the demand position in the current market. On the basis of which the supplier power can be built up in the day to day business operations. In every business intensity of the buyer capacity is playing a strategic role. As the Uk is in the recovery stage of the credit crunch situation in the market, it is leading to the increase in the level of the economy along with the employment opportunities in the business. With the help of that the earning potential capacity of the buyer is now upgrading leading to the increase in the level of consumption. Market Competition – There is a strategic competition in the market. As the London is an international city there is a major scope for the development of the Hospitality sector because people who are coming from the different parts of the world are need to have facility for their hospitalisation and care. In due course of which many hotel industries are used to operate in this city creating a challenging business environment for the hospitality industry. With the availability of the international Hotels such as Hilton Metropolitan, Syon Park, Mirror Chariot there is an ultimate reduction is felt in the business of the Britannia international. Threat of New Entrants – There is a serious threat of the new entrants who are coming in the market. As this city has a wider scope of the hospitalisation business in due course of the international visitors, the scope of the hotel industries has been increased in this area. For the entertaining of the guests, visitors there is a need of the new resraurants,hotels which ultimately had given rise to the commencing of the new hotel industry businesses , which can create a challenging threats for the Britannia International as the same quality food may be available at the more cheaper rates in the new hotels for the sake of the capturing of the market. Barriers to New Entrants There are the certain barriers are available in this country for the new hotel industries. Govt. Licensing is a challenging task which requires the many compliances of the documents and still no assurance of the sanctioning of the license. Another problem is of the capital funding as London is one of the costly city in the world , there are the many requisites are raised for the mobilisation of the capital and still there are the issues which are arising in the starting of the business. These are the serious challenging barriers to the new entrants. Findings It has been found on the basis of the strategic analysis that there are the different strategies and customs are applied in the business. The normative strategic planning of the business is based on the Porters generic scheme. a) Cost Leadership – There is a cost efficiency and effectiveness is maintained in the business which is leading to the maximisation of the profits. Quarterly budgets are prepared indicating the schedule of the expenditures and the actual performance is used to compare with that schedule in order to improve the strategic performance of the business. Executive cost control is maintained in the business as a strategic tool of the business. b) Focused – The ideal focus of the activities is based on the restaurant and lodging and boarding activities. In the restaurant the strategic activities which are focused are the kitchen services, Bar services, Operating services. In the lodging and boarding activities the ideal services are the well furnished rooms along with all the facilities of the toilets, bathrooms. c) Differentiation – With the continuing of the focused core area of activity of the business hotel industry is planning to develop the new activity of the Travelling and Tourism operations which will facilitate the additional source of income of the business as the supportive level of activity to grow the business in the Hospitality sector. Conclusion and Recommendation The Britannia international is one of the reputed hotel industry in London having its strategic significance all over the world. Wide scope of the business with the glance opportunity is available for the expansion and development for the hotel industries. The Britannia hotel is having the imperative strength of the good supplier power , ideal resource management scheme which will be commensurate for the strategic management policy of the business. Good location of the hotel industry , facilities available are of the restaurant, bar , kitchen services , lodging and boarding services which are giving the scope for the business expansion and development. However, as the London is an international city in the world many spectators are used to come here for the travels, visits, education there is a wide scope of the development of the hospitality sector in order to catch the wide area of the business development. This is giving scope for the development of the many hospitality industries creating the market competition . Hotel Hilton, Hotel Syon Park, Hotel Passage to India are the hotels creating a challenging environment for the business. It is recommended to the hotel industry to give scope on the marketing communication techniques of the sales promotions and direct marketing in order to grow and expand the business. In the sales promotions focus can be on the giving of the different attractive discounting offers which can catch the customers. In the direct marketing hotel industry can use the strategic technique of the e-mail communications system to contact directly with the customers.

Sealed Air Company Hbs Case

For the exclusive use of M. HUSSAIN Harvard Business School 9-582-103 Rev. September 24, 1985 Sealed Air Corporation The president and chief executive officer of Sealed Air Corporation, T. J. Dermot Dunphy, explained the firm’s 25% average annual growth in net sales and net earnings from 1971 to 1980: The company’s history has been characterized by technical accomplishment and market leadership. During the last 10 years we built on our development of the first closed-cell, lightweight cushioning material, introduced the first foam-in-place packaging system, and engineered the first complete solar heating system for swimming pools.We intend to follow the same management guidelines in the 1980s. We intend to seek market leadership because market leadership optimizes profit, and foster technological leadership because it is the only long-term guarantee of market leadership. In July 1981 Barrett Hauser, product manager of Sealed Air’s Air Cellular Products, was refle cting on Dunphy’s management philosophy as he considered how Sealed Air should respond to some unanticipated competition in the protective packaging market.As product manager, Hauser was responsible for the closed-cell, light-weight cushioning material that Dunphy had mentioned. Sealed Air’s registered trademark name for this product was AirCap. 1 AirCap cushioning materials had always faced a variety of competitors in the protective packaging market. More recently, however, several small regional producers had invented around Sealed Air’s manufacturing process patents and begun to market cheap imitations of AirCap in the United States. AirCap Cushioning and Its CompetitorsAirCap cushioning was a clear, laminated plastic sheet containing air bubbles of uniform size (see Exhibit 1). The feature that differentiated AirCap cushioning from all other bubble products was its â€Å"barrier-coating†: each AirCap bubble was coated on the inside with saran. This gr eatly increased air retention, meaning less compression of the material during shipment and, consequently, better protection. Barrier-coating and its customer benefits had been the central theme of Sealed Air’s AirCap cushioning selling effort for 10 years. Sealed Air, AirCap, and Instapak are registered  ® trademarks of Sealed Air Corporation. Solar Pool Blanket is a TM trademark of the same corporation. Robert J. Dolan, associate professor, prepared this case as the basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of an administrative situation. Certain nonpublic data have been disguised. Copyright  © 1982 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, call 1-800-545-7685 or write Harvard Business School Publishing, Boston, MA 02163.No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without the permission of Harvard Business School. 1 This document is authorized for use only by Md. Saquib Hussain in marketing ? nal taught by Suresh Ramanathan from October 2012 to October 2012. For the exclusive use of M. HUSSAIN 582-103 Sealed Air Corporation Between 1971 and 1980 Sealed Air and Astro Packaging of Hawthorne, New Jersey, were the only air bubble packaging material producers in the United States.Sealed Air licensed Astro to use Sealed Air’s patented technology. Astro produced two types of bubbles: a barrier bubble similar to AirCap,2 and an uncoated bubble. Its sales were split about evenly between the two. In 1980 Astro’s total U. S. sales were approximately $10. 5 million, compared with $25. 35 million in U. S. sales for AirCap cushioning. Sealed Air’s market education had made customers aware of the advantages of coated bubbles; consequently, uncoated bu bbles had never achieved greater than a 15% dollar share of the U.S. market before 1980. In July 1981 uncoated bubble operations were being set up in Ohio, California, and New York. GAFCEL, which served the metropolitan New York market, was the only competitor yet to achieve significant sales volume. Two GAFCEL salespeople—one full time, the other about half time—had reached a $1 million annual sales rate. Several of AirCap’s distributors had taken on the GAFCEL line. Hauser was preparing to recommend Sealed Air’s reaction to these somewhat unanticipated competitors.The firm could produce an uncoated bubble as cheaply as GAFCEL within a month with no major capital investment; it could run on machines used for another Sealed Air product. If Hauser were to recommend that the historic champion of barrier-coating offer an uncoated bubble, he would have to specify timing, the marketing program for the new product, and any adjustments in policies for AirCap cus hioning and Sealed Air’s other products. As Hauser thought about his options, he again flipped through the training manual recently distributed to Sealed Air’s sales force: â€Å"How to Sell against Uncoated Bubbles. †The Protective Packaging Market The three major use segments of the protective packaging market were: 1. Positioning, blocking, and bracing: These protective materials had to secure large, heavy, usually semirugged items in a container. Typical applications included shipment of motors and computer peripherals. 2. Flexible wraps: These materials came under less pressure per square foot. Applications included glassware, small spare parts, and light medical instruments. 3. Void fill: These materials were added to prevent movement during shipping when an item and its protective wrap (if any) did not fill its carton.The positioning, blocking, and bracing market was unique because of the heavier weights of items shipped. Flexible wrap and void fill were sometimes hard to separate because it was convenient to use the same product for both functions. The key distinction was that loose fills (for instance, polystyrene beads) dominated the void fill market but provided no cushioning protection and, hence, did not qualify as flexible wrap. Until 1970 most materials used for protective packaging were produced primarily for other purposes. Heavy, paper-based products had dominated the market. Sealed Air was one of the first Astro’s barrier bubble and the AirCap bubble differed in both manufacturing process and coating material. Astro used nylon rather than saran. The basic idea of reinforcing the polyethylene bubbles to improve air retention was, however, the same. 2 This document is authorized for use only by Md. Saquib Hussain in marketing ? nal taught by Suresh Ramanathan from October 2012 to October 2012. For the exclusive use of M. HUSSAIN Sealed Air Corporation 582-103 companies to approach the market with a customer orientat ion, i. e. , it began product development with an assessment of packagers’ needs.Since then a variety of products specifically designed for protective packaging had appeared. Sealed Air served these markets with two products: 1. Instapak ® foam-in-place systems (1980 worldwide sales of $38. 8 million) could accommodate any application, though their most advantageous use was for heavy items. In this process two liquid chemicals were pumped into a shipping container. The chemicals rapidly expanded to form a foam cushion around the product. Instapak’s comparative advantage resulted in a majority of applications in positioning, blocking, and bracing. . AirCap bubbles (1980 worldwide sales of $34. 3 million) primarily served the flexible wrap and void fill markets. In addition to coated and uncoated polyethylene air bubbles, there were two major competitors in these markets: paper-based products (cellulose wadding, single-face corrugated, and indented kraft), and foams (p olyurethane, polypropylene, and polyethylene). An excerpt from an AirCap promotional brochure in Exhibit 2 shows how Sealed Air positioned AirCap as a cost-effective substitute for these competitive products and loose fills.The brochure first pointed out the cost savings from AirCap cushioning, then presented results of â€Å"fatigue† and â€Å"original thickness retention† tests to demonstrate AirCap’s protective superiority. Exhibit 3 compares products competitive with AirCap cushioning and Exhibit 4 gives their U. S. Iist prices, which represent relative costs for any order size from an end user. Quantity discounts were offered on all materials. Buying Influences The proliferation of packaging products and the lack of easily demonstrable universal superiority caused confusion among end users.For example, products such as pewter mugs were shipped around the United States in AirCap cushioning, Astro coated bubbles, or even old newspapers. Users were a varied lo t. Some bought on a scientific price/performance basis. They understood â€Å"cushioning curves† such as those in Exhibit 5. Sealed Air could provide independently measured cushioning curves for competitive products as well as its own. Regardless, many firms did their own testing. At the other end of the spectrum were firms with â€Å"a purchasing-department mentality,† as some packaging materials suppliers put it.Price per square foot was their first consideration, delivery their second. As one Sealed Air executive commented, â€Å"To these people, cushioning curves are like accounting numbers. They think you can make them say anything you want. † There were no systematically collected data on the buying process or the extent to which price dominated performance in the purchase decision. Based on his experience as a district sales manager and now product manager, Hauser guessed that a packaging engineer influenced about 40% of the material purchase decisions. 3 This document is authorized for use only by Md.Saquib Hussain in marketing ? nal taught by Suresh Ramanathan from October 2012 to October 2012. For the exclusive use of M. HUSSAIN 582-103 Sealed Air Corporation The U. S. Market In 1980, dollar sales by segment in the U. S. protective packaging market were: †¢ †¢ †¢ Positioning, blocking, and bracing: $585 million Flexible wrap: $126 million Void fill: $15. 6 million Exhibit 6 breaks down total sales for the flexible wrap market by product type for 1975, 1978, and 1980. AirCap cushioning annual sales in the United States since 1972 were: Year 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 Gross Sales (in millions) $7. 10. 0 13. 0 12. 8 14. 6 Year 1977 1978 1979 1980 Gross Sales (in millions) $16. 4 18. 4 21. 2 25. 3 Despite the high cost of coated bubbles relative to the uncoated product, Sealed Air had kept most of the U. S. air bubble market. Key factors were Sealed Air’s patent protection and licensing of only one competitor, ext ensive market education, and the packaging mentality in the United States. Packaging engineers enjoyed a status in U. S. organizations not accorded them elsewhere. Packaging supplies were viewed as a productive, cost-saving resource.In contrast, recent research by Sealed Air indicated that many European firms viewed packaging supplies as â€Å"expendable commodities. † The European Market Sealed Air had manufacturing operations in England and France and a sales organization in Germany. 3 It was the only company selling a coated product in these countries. Sales figures for 1980 were: Country England France Germany Total Bubble Sales $3,649,000 4,480,000 7,688,000 AirCap Sales $2,488,500 592,200 404,600 3 The firm also had a manufacturing facility in Canada and a sales organization in Japan.Sealed Air licensees operated manufacturing facilities in Australia, Mexico, South Africa, and Spain. 4 This document is authorized for use only by Md. Saquib Hussain in marketing ? nal tau ght by Suresh Ramanathan from October 2012 to October 2012. For the exclusive use of M. HUSSAIN Sealed Air Corporation 582-103 Table A Differing Grades of AirCap Cushioning Bubble Heights SB: SC: ST: SD: 1 8 / in. high, used for surface protection when cushioning requirements were minimal. 3/16 in. high, used primarily for wrapping small, intricate items, possibly for larger items if not very fragile. 5 16 / in. igh, used in same kinds of applications as SC grade, except with slightly greater cushioning requirements. Also used as a void fill. / in. high, used for large, heavy, or fragile items or as a void fill. 1 2 Plastic Film Thicknesses Light duty (110): each layer of film was 1 mil (1/1,000 of an inch) thick; used for light loads. Regular duty (120): one layer of 1 mil and one layer of 2 mils; for loads up to 50 lbs. per sq. ft. Heavy duty (240): one layer of 2 mils and one of 4 mils; for loads up to 100 lbs. per sq. ft. Super duty (480): one layer of 4 mils and one of 8; for l oads over 100 lbs. er sq. ft. England. Sealed Air had developed the protective packaging market here and had good distribution. Later on, Sansetsu, a Japanese firm, began marketing a high-quality uncoated product made in Germany. Prices for the uncoated bubble were 50% less than the cost of comparably sized AirCap cushioning. Sansetsu and other uncoated bubble manufacturers had chipped away at Sealed Air’s one-time 90% market share. The most pessimistic Sealed Air distributors estimated that the firm would lose 50% of its current market share to uncoated bubbles within three years. France.Here, Sealed Air owned an uncoated bubble manufacturer SIBCO, with sales of $750,000 in 1980. In 1972 SIBCO was the only marketer of uncoated bubbles in France. Two major competitors, one with superior production facilities, had entered the market. Uncoated bubbles were priced about 40% lower than AirCap, and price was the key buying determinant. The major French distributor of AirCap cushio ning had a 50-50 mix of coated and uncoated sales in 1978. In 1980 the mix had changed to 70-30 (uncoated over coated), with 90% of new bubble applications being uncoated. Germany.AirCap cushioning was a late entrant (1973) to the German market and never held commanding share. Moreover, from 1978 to 1980, it had lost share at a rate of 20% to 30% per year. Sansetsu had an efficient manufacturing facility in Germany and sold approximately $6 million of uncoated product in 1980. (The price for uncoated was about 35% less than for coated. ) AirCap Cushioning Grades and Sales AirCap cushioning grades differed in bubble height and thickness of the plastic films. Bubble heights were designated by a letter code, and the plastic films came in four thicknesses (see Table A).Sealed Air produced eight different height/thickness combinations (see Table B). Some of the known end uses for each grade are shown in Exhibit 7. 5 This document is authorized for use only by Md. Saquib Hussain in market ing ? nal taught by Suresh Ramanathan from October 2012 to October 2012. For the exclusive use of M. HUSSAIN 582-103 Sealed Air Corporation Table B Eight Different Height/Thicknesses by Sealed Air Thickness Height (inches) SB-1 8 110 X 120 X X X 240 X X X 480 / SC-3/16 ST-5 16 SD-1 2 / / X Table C AirCap Sales by Grade Sales in 1,000 Square Feet Grade 1/8 in.SB-110 3/16 in. SC-120 SC-240 5/16 in. ST-120 ST-240 1/2 in. SD-120 SD-240 SD-480 Total sales July–December 1979 59,128 76,349 5,036 31,912 4,369 44,252 25,202 3,138 249,386 January–June1980 48,513 81,014 4,426 42,234 3,914 43,624 21,799 1,358 246,882 Note: In addition, because SB-110 could not compete in price against foams for many surface protection applications, Sealed Air introduced an A-100 grade in January 1980. The A-100 bubble was 3/32 in. high—the shortest coated bubble Sealed Air could make with available technology. January to June 1980 sales of A-100 were 17,802,000 sq. ft.Sales by grade for the last six months of 1979 and the first six months of 1980 are shown in Table C. Pricing All AirCap cushioning was sold through distributors. Prices reflected Sealed Air’s costs and the prices of competitive products. Variable costs and prices to the distributor are shown in Table D. Sealed Air’s suggested resale price list is shown in Exhibit 8. Largely because of its selective distribution policy, distributors generally followed this list. The price schedule entailed quantity discounts for end users. Thus, distributor margins varied with the size of the customer’s individual order. Quantity price was determined by the total square footage of a single order, combining all grades, ordered for shipment at one time to a single destination. ) In some major metropolitan areas, up to 50% of AirCap business was truckload/railcar orders by end users. In this event Sealed Air shipped the material from its plant directly to the end user; the distributor received a 10% mar gin and handled user credit and technical service. In some markets the percentage of direct shipments was as low as 10%. 6 This document is authorized for use only by Md. Saquib Hussain in marketing ? al taught by Suresh Ramanathan from October 2012 to October 2012. For the exclusive use of M. HUSSAIN Sealed Air Corporation 582-103 Selling Effort Sealed Air’s U. S. operation consisted of 7 regional manufacturing operations, 62 salespeople (each selling AirCap cushioning, Instapak, and other Sealed Air products), and 370 distributors. To control the shipping cost of its bulky product, Sealed Air had regional manufacturing operations in three eastern states, Ohio, Illinois, Texas, and California. The regional presence, however, had proven to be an effective sales promotion device as well.Table D AirCap Variable Costs and Distributor Prices (in dollars per 1,000 sq. ft. ) (1) Total Variable Cost $13. 78 16. 01 20. 56 32. 47 30. 65 38. 12 36. 31 44. 45 70. 81 (2) Price to Distrib utor for Truckload Deliverya $20. 60 30. 25 43. 50 56. 30 51. 40 65. 35 65. 35 78. 60 140. 90 (2) – (1) Sealed Air Dollar Margin $6. 82 14. 24 22. 94 23. 83 20. 75 27. 23 29. 04 34. 15 70. 09 Grade A-100 (3/32 in. ) SB-110 (1/8 in. ) SC-120 (3/16 in. ) SC-240 (3/16 in. ) ST-120 (5/16 in. ) ST-240 (5/16 in. ) SD-120 (1/2 in. ) SD-240 (1/2 in. ) SD-480 (1/2 in. ) Manufacturing $12. 46 14. 02 17. 92 29. 83 25. 36 32. 83 28. 38 36. 52 62. 88Freight $1. 32 1. 99 2. 64 2. 64 5. 29 5. 29 7. 93 7. 93 7. 93 a Less than truckload shipments were priced 15% to 20% higher. Consequently, distributors almost always ordered in truckload quantities. They were allowed to mix grades within an order. Depending on the grade ordered, a truckload could contain 70,000 sq. ft. (all SD-480) to 420,000 sq. ft. (all A-100). Before Instapak was acquired in 1976, 28 salespeople devoted 90% of their time to AirCap cushioning products. In 1981 the 62-person force was expected to allocate time as follows: 60 % to Instapak systems, 35% to AirCap cushioning, and 5% to other Sealed Air products. Exhibit 9 shows Sealed Air sales by product line and other financial data. ) Part of Sealed Air’s market share leadership philosophy was a consultative selling approach. Salespeople spent about half their time making cost studies at end-user locations. With the help of Sealed Air’s packaging labs, salespeople attempted to show how their products could save on material and labor cost and reduce damage in the end user’s particular situation. Distributors’ salespeople took orders on AirCap cushioning but did little to demonstrate AirCap use and application to customers.If a distributor’s salesperson identified a potential AirCap account, he or she would inform the Sealed Air salesperson and a joint call would be arranged. In this way the potential account learned about the product and ordering procedures simultaneously. Distributors sometimes complained to Sealed Air about the level of AirCap selling effort. Since distributor’s margins on AirCap cushioning were generally higher than the 10% to 12% for Instapak sales, distributors were not happy with Sealed Air’s greater allocation of salesperson time to Instapak.Some distributors said they would be content if the salesperson in their area really allocated 35% to AirCap; some claimed the actual AirCap selling effort amounted to only 20%. Instapak’s sales growth had been impressive, but some Sealed Air executives felt this had cost them some distributor satisfaction. Both distributors and end users regarded Sealed Air’s salespeople as among the best trained and most knowledgeable in the packaging industry. Sales force salaries were above average. They were composed of a base salary plus commissions of 2% on net AirCap sales and 1% on net sales of all other products, including Instapak. As an added incentive Sealed Air gave salespeople $75 for each Instapak dispenser pl aced. It took back $75 for each one removed. ) In a typical week a salesperson called on 20 end users and checked in with two or three distributors. 7 This document is authorized for use only by Md. Saquib Hussain in marketing ? nal taught by Suresh Ramanathan from October 2012 to October 2012. For the exclusive use of M. HUSSAIN 582-103 Sealed Air Corporation U. S. Distributors During the 1970s Sealed Air invested heavily in developing a selected distributor network. The firm had 370 distributors by 1980.Sealed Air considered 135 of these their â€Å"first-line distributors† because they collectively handled over 80% of its business. The 20 largest AirCap distributors handled about 35% of the business. Larger distributors typically carried both Instapak foam-in-place and AirCap cushioning. The largest distributor of Sealed Air products had 1980 Sealed Air sales of approximately $2 million, just about half of which were AirCap. Distributors traditionally tried to be full-line houses—capable of meeting each customer’s complete packaging needs—so they carried a broad range of products.A survey of Sealed Air’s firstline distributors showed that 83% carried loose fills, 65% carried polyethylene foam, and 29% carried Du Pont’s polypropylene foam. Although most carried competitive products, distributors had displayed loyalty to Sealed Air and AirCap cushioning. Sealed Air, in turn, had kept to its selective distribution policy. Competing Uncoated Bubble Cushioning Sealed Air considered both types of bubbles made by Astro as inferior products. GAFCEL, the new regional producer, made a â€Å"decent product† in Hauser’s estimation; he felt that its success to date came largely at Astro’s expense.The New York metropolitan market was ideal for the new producer. It was not customer- or distributor-loyal, and price was a key variable. Sealed Air’s estimate of GAFCEL sales rates was $750,000 per year for the 1/2-in. -high uncoated bubble and $250,000 per year for the 3/16-in. bubble. Both had two layers of film 2 mils each. GAFCEL’s distributor prices for truckload shipments and suggested resale prices to end users for the metropolitan New York market are shown in Table E. (Astro’s uncoated bubble prices are in Exhibit 4. ) Sealed Air had not yet extensively tested the GAFCEL uncoated bubble.Although it was better than Astro’s uncoated, its performance would not be dramatically different from that found in previous uncoated testing (see Exhibit 2). In terms of cushioning curves, the l/2 in. GAFCEL bubble was comparable to Sealed Air’s ST-120 or SD-120 for very light loads, not greater than 0. 15 lbs. /sq. in. pressure. At greater loads, however, the acceleration curve would increase rapidly, moving above even the SB-110 by pressures of 0. 25 lbs. /sq. in. (see Exhibit 5). 8 This document is authorized for use only by Md. Saquib Hussain in marketing ? nal taught by Suresh Ramanathan from October 2012 to October 2012.For the exclusive use of M. HUSSAIN Sealed Air Corporation 582-103 Table E GAFCEL’s Distributor Prices per 1,000 Sq. Ft. SO-22 (3/16 in. ) LO-22 (1/2 in. ) $36. 03 Distributor truckload Suggested resale by order size: 1,000 sq. ft 20,000 sq. ft 40,000 sq. ft 100,000 sq. ft Truckload $31. 63 $56. 54 47. 12 42. 84 39. 40 34. 79 $75. 24 62. 70 57. 07 44. 68 39. 63 Sealed Air Decisions Sealed Air had conducted a good deal of research on manufacturing uncoated bubble products. It knew the best production process would be similar to that currently used for its Solar Pool Blanketsâ„ ¢.Thus, the firm could begin manufacture of an uncoated product quickly in its New Jersey plant. Likely distributor response to a Sealed Air uncoated product was difficult to predict. Some distributors had requested it, but others regularly complained that there were already too many coated grades. Preliminary estimates of the variable cost s for producing Sealed Air uncoated bubbles were $19 per 1,000 sq. ft. for 3/16 in. height, $20 per 1,000 sq. ft. for 5/16 in. , and $21 per 1,000 sq. ft. for 1/2 in. Freight cost depended on bubble height and distance shipped.Although GAFCEL’s production process was completely different, its production costs were believed to be comparable. Hauser now had to decide whether to recommend that Sealed Air enter the uncoated bubble market (with an about-face on its previous exclusive emphasis on coated bubbles), or whether to suggest some other reaction to its new competitors. 9 This document is authorized for use only by Md. Saquib Hussain in marketing ? nal taught by Suresh Ramanathan from October 2012 to October 2012. For the exclusive use of M. HUSSAIN 582-103 Sealed Air Corporation Exhibit 1 AirCap ® Products and UsesCushioning AirCap ® air bubble cushioning protects products against shock and vibration during handling and shipping by literally floating them on a cushion of air. This material offers consistent performance because our unique barrier-coating guarantees air retention. AirCap withstands repeated impact since it will not fatigue or take a compression set. Cushioning applications include a range of products from lightweight retail items to delicate power supplies weighing several hundred pounds. Choose the grade that best fits your cushioning application! Protective Wrap/InterleavingAirCap is an excellent â€Å"protective wrap† material and ideal for â€Å"interleaving† between similarly shaped items. It is clean, non-abrasive, easy to use and provides superior surface protection. Lay your product on AirCap sheeting, fold it over and your product is fully protected! Typical protective wrap/interleaving applications include china, glassware, printed circuit boards, and spare parts. Void Fill When a void in a package is not completely filled, the cushioned product may migrate within the shipping container. This movement is a m ajor cause of damage in transit.Since large regular-duty AirCap bubbles do not compress, they fill voids effectively and eliminate product movement. Simply stuff AirCap sheeting into the carton, (left) or use an economical rolled â€Å"log. † It’s easy, clean, lightweight, and cost efficient! 10 This document is authorized for use only by Md. Saquib Hussain in marketing ? nal taught by Suresh Ramanathan from October 2012 to October 2012. 582-103 -11- Exhibit 2 Sealed Air Presents AirCap as Cost-Effective Substitute Typical Cost-Savings Comparisons 60 Cellulose Wadding Rubberized Hair Type IV Resists Fatigue 50 40 0 Uncoated Bubbles Urethane Foam Polypropolene Foam AirCap % Increase in Shock 20 In the transportation environment packages are subjected to many jolts, bumps, and shocks that can potentially cause damage. To function effectively a cushioning material must retain its ability to protect over a series of repeated impacts. The loss of protective ability during r epeated impact is termed ‘material fatigue. ’ This graph (left) indicates the increased shock an average procut (0. 25 psi) will receive during a ten drop sequence from 24 inches. Test results show barrier-coated AirCap ® outperforms all materials tested. 0 0 1 Number of Impacts 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 BARRIER-COATING Each individual AirCap bubble is barriercoated to retain the air. AirCap Vs. Corrugated Inserts A distributing firm found that it needed an excessive amount of flowable to prevent product migration. A new AirCap package (left) using a simple criss-cross technique resulted in reduced material, shipping, labor and carton costs. Item Carton Inner packaging Labor Freight Total Cost Savings w/ AirCap IMMEDIATE THICKNESS LOSS AirCap retains its original thickness upon the immediate application of a load (See Below).Loose Fill Package $ . 73 . 75 . 42 3. 02 $4. 92 AirCap Vs. Loose Fills Material Tested A manufacturer using corrugated inserts, cellulose wadding and p olyethylene bags eliminated the need to inventory many packaging components (right) and reduced labor 84% by switching to AirCap (left). Total Thickness Loss Retains Original Thickness Item Carton Inner Packaging Labor Freight Total Cost Savings w/ AirCap Corrugated Package $ . 55 . 80 . 83 2. 60 $4. 78 AirCap Package $ . 55 1. 05 . 13 2. 40 $4. 13 $ . 65 AirCap Package $ . 47 . 54 . 25 2. 72 $3. 98 $ . 94AirCap SD 240 14% Polypropylene Foam 30% Polyethylene Foam 40% Cellulose Wadding 38% Rubberized Hair IV 51% Uncoated Bubbles 64% (Large) Urethane Foam (1. 25 53% * * pct) Embossed 54% * * Polyethylene (Hex) *30 day evaluation not conducted due to excessive initial thickness loss. Initial Thickness Loss Upon 04 psi Load 7% 19% 16% 26% 24% 14% Gradual Thickness Loss After 30 Days 7% 11% 24% 12% 27% 50% When a load is placed on a cushioning material two things occur that may contribute to a deterioration in its performance. First, is the immediate compression of the material.Second, i s the additional, more gradual loss of thickness termed ‘creep. ’ Generally excessive thickness loss of a material results in increased material usage in cushioning and dunnage applications. Creep may contribute to product damage as the loss of thickness creates a void in a package, allowing the product to move, shift, or migrate. This chart (left) demonstrates how barrier-coated AirCap retains its original thickness better than all materials tested and provides product protection throughout the entire packaging, shipping, handling, and storage cycle.GRADUAL THICKNESS LOSS (CREEP) AirCap’s unique barrier-coating retains the air more effectively than uncoated bubbles, eliminating creep. AirCap Vs. Thin-Grade Foams AirCap Vs. Cellulose Wadding A metering firm discovered it needed only half as much AirCap to achieve the same performance that cellulose wadding provided (right). In addition to lowering material costs, AirCap (left) is clean, lint free, non-abrasive, a nd lightweight. Item AirCap Package An electronic service center employing the use of a thin-grade foam (right) required many layers of wrapping to protect against shock and vibration.Large AirCap bubbles (left) provided superior performance and lower packaging costs. This document is authorized for use only by Md. Saquib Hussain in marketing ?nal taught by Suresh Ramanathan from October 2012 to October 2012. Carton Inner Packaging Labor Freight Total Cost Savings w/ AirCap Cellulose Wadding Package $ . 30 . 22 . 25 1. 35 $2. 12 $ . 22 . 12 . 08 1. 20 $1. 62 $ . 50 CONVENTIONAL CELLULOSE MATERIAL UNCOATED BUBBLES Item Foam Package For the exclusive use of M. HUSSAIN Carton Inner Packaging Labor Freight Total Cost Savings w/ AirCap $ . 46 1. 33 . 66 4. 09 $6. 4 AirCap Package $ . 38 . 87 . 33 3. 94 $5. 52 $1. 02 For the exclusive use of M. HUSSAIN 582-103 Sealed Air Corporation Exhibit 3 1. Competitive Product Information Cellulose wadding (a paper-based product which tries to trap a ir between piles of sheeting) †¢ Major suppliers: Jiffy Packaging, Hillside, N. J. CelluProducts Co. , Patterson, N. C. †¢ Sizes available: Thickness of 0. 17 in. , 0. 25 in. , 0. 37 in. , 0. 50 in. †¢ Advantages/disadvantages: Much cheaper than AirCap in thin grades; will not mark item wrapped; heavier than AirCap (3–4 Ibs. per cu. ft. vs. less than 1 lb. or AirCap) meaning higher shipping cost; excessive compression under heavy loads (see test results, Exhibit 2). Corrugated products (sheets of ribbed cardboard, often cut and perforated to specific sizes) †¢ Major suppliers: About 800 firms manufacturing in 47 states, including larger paper companies. †¢ Advantages/disadvantages: Single face (cardboard with ribs on one side) appreciably cheaper than AirCap on square-foot basis; labor cost of using corrugated usually very high; poor cushioning. Polyethylene foam (thin, smooth, rigid sheets of low-density foam) †¢ Major suppliers: Sentinel Foam P roducts, Hyannis, Mass.CelluProducts Co. , Patterson, N. C. Jiffy Packaging, Hillside, N. J. †¢ Sizes available: 48 or 68 in. wide rolls of thickness 1/16, 3/32, 3/16, 1/4 in. †¢ Advantages/disadvantages: Appreciably cheaper than AirCap in thin grades on square-foot basis; does not mark item wrapped; rigid product means hard to work with; tendency to tear; cushioning inferior to AirCap; more expensive than AirCap in thicker grades. Polypropylene foam (thin, coarse, rigid sheets of low-density foam) †¢ Major supplier: Du Pont Microfoam †¢ Sizes available: Standard 72 in. wide rolls of thickness 1/16, 3/32, 3/16, 1/4 in. Advantages/disadvantages: Basically the same as for polyethylene foam. Loose fills (expanded polystyrene beads, peanuts, etc. ) †¢ Major suppliers: Many small firms †¢ Advantages/disadvantages: 50% cheaper than AirCap on cubic foot basis; messy; poor cushioning. Uncoated bubbles (sheets of small air bubbles made of polyethylene film) â₠¬ ¢ Major producer: Astro, Hawthorne, N. J. (Sealed Air licensee) †¢ Sizes available: 48 in. wide roll standard, bubble heights 3/16, 1/4, 1/2 in. Bubbles also varied in the thickness of the films used. Generally, thicknesses were 1, 2, 3, or 4 mils with increasing film thickness giving greater strength. Advantages/disadvantages: Cheaper than comparable height coated bubble; excessive air loss over time (about 65% height loss under 50 Ibs. per sq. ft. pressure over 30 days vs. 15% for AirCap). Competitive coated bubble (essentially the same as uncoated bubble except nylon film coating added) †¢ Major supplier: Astro, Hawthorne, N. J. (Sealed Air licensee) †¢ Sizes available: 48 in. wide roll standard, bubble heights 1/8, 3/16, 1/4, 1/2, 1 in. †¢ Advantages/disadvantages: Under heavy loading, nylon barrier holds up better than Sealed Air’s saran barrier; poor quality control (bubble heights generally 13% less than specified). . 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 12 This docume nt is authorized for use only by Md. Saquib Hussain in marketing ? nal taught by Suresh Ramanathan from October 2012 to October 2012. For the exclusive use of M. HUSSAIN Sealed Air Corporation 582-103 Exhibit 4 Suggested End User Prices (in dollars) for Major Competitive Products 1. Paper-Based Cellulose Wadding (Jiffy Packaging) Thickness (in. ) 0. 17 0. 25 0. 37 0. 50 2. Foams Thickness (in. ) 1 16 Price $27. 70 37. 40 50. 60 65. 00 Single-Face Corrugated $22. 75 Jiffy Packaging (polyethylene) $20. 30 25. 90 34. 15 53. 35 na Sentinel Products (polyethylene) $18. 20 24. 00 32. 70 49. 40 naDu Pont Microfoam (polypropylene) $17. 20 25. 17 34. 90 53. 86 109. 72 / / 1/8 3/16 3/8 3 32 3. Competitive Bubbles (Astro) Coated Nylon Bubble Height (in. ) 1 8 3 16 Uncoated—Polyethylene a Film Thickness (mils) 1 and 1 1 and 2 1 and 2 1 and 2 2 and 4 1 and 2 2 and 4 Price $35. 25 49. 50 57. 00 71. 75 87. 75 90. 00 110. 00 Bubble Height (in. ) 3 16 Film Thicknessa (mils) 2 and 3 2 and 3 2 and 4 Price $47. 00 54. 50 65. 75 / / 1/4 1/2 1/2 1 1 / / 1/2 1 4 Note: Prices are per 1,000 sq. ft. based on a 50,000 sq. ft. order. a. Each bubble is made of two layers of film. Thicknesses shown are for individual layers in mils.Thicker film produces a stronger product. 13 This document is authorized for use only by Md. Saquib Hussain in marketing ? nal taught by Suresh Ramanathan from October 2012 to October 2012. For the exclusive use of M. HUSSAIN 582-103 Sealed Air Corporation Exhibit 5 Comparative Cushioning Performance by Grade Engineered To Provide Superior Cushioning The test data on the graph below was developed by the Lansmont Corporation, an independent testing laboratory. The test method used closely simulates actual shipping conditions, and employs the use of an enclosed test block and shock machine.Five bottom drops were executed from 24 inches at each static stress. The last four drops were averaged to arrive at data points used to develop each cushioning effective ness curve. This data illustrates AirCap’s superior performance over a wide range of loadings, and may be used for comparison and to specify the best AirCap grade and thickness for your cushioning requirements. (SD-240 curves taken from data provided in Military Handbook 304-A). 300 SB-110 SC-120 250 SC-120 (2 layers) Peak Acceleration (G’s) 200 SCT-120 150 SD-120 100 ST-120 (2 layers) SD-120 (2 layers) SD-120 (3 layers) SD-240 (4 layers) 50 SD-240 (6 layers) . 05 . 1 . 15 . 2 . 25 . 3 . 35 . 4 Static Stress (psi) Source: AirCap brochure. Note: To be read: For a product exerting 0. 25 Ibs. per sq. in. of pressure on the packaging material while at rest, the peak acceleration (a measure of shock to the product) when dropped from 2 ft. is 118 g. if SD-120 is used, 260 g. if SB-110 is used. 14 This document is authorized for use only by Md. Saquib Hussain in marketing ? nal taught by Suresh Ramanathan from October 2012 to October 2012. For the exclusive use of M. HUSSAIN Sealed Air Corporation 582-103 Exhibit 6 U. S.Market—Flexible Wraps by Product Type (in millions of manufacturers’ dollars) 1975 1978 23 25 1 49 11 5 6 22 22 93 1980 23 27 1 51 12 7 25 44 31 126 Paper-based Cellulose wadding Single-face corrugated Indented kraft Foamsa Polyurethane Polypropylene Polyethylene Polyethylene air bubbles Coated and uncoated (combined) Total Source: Company records. b 20 20 1 41 10 4 1 15 15 71 a. Sales figures exclude nonpackaging uses, such as construction and furniture industries. b. Figures are for flexible wrap market only and are therefore less than AirCap’s and Astro’s total U. S. sales. Exhibit 7 Grade SB-110AirCap Applications by Grade Package Contents Furnace thermostats Shorthand machines Taco shells Tempered glass sheets Clocks Wooden picture frames Light fixtures Overhead projector lenses Computer components Telephone bell ringers Amplifiers Saucepans Two-way radios Exit alarms Mixers Fryers Carbonless paper rolls Oven burners Pharmaceutical bottles Candleholders Recorders Carburetors Lamps Gallon jugs Computer terminals Printed circuit boards Foil wallpaper Blood coagulation timers Leaded glass windows Custom motorcycle seats Motor controls Shredded paper Packaging Material Displaced (if known) 16-in. Corrugated / polypropylene foam SC-120 SC-240 ST-120 Shredded paper Corrugated Corrugated Corrugated / polyethylene foam Corrugated Urethane foam pads 3 32-in. ST-240 SD-120 Polypropylene foam SD-240 Corrugated Foam pads and corrugated Corrugated Astro uncoated bubble LP-24 SD-480 15 This document is authorized for use only by Md. Saquib Hussain in marketing ? nal taught by Suresh Ramanathan from October 2012 to October 2012. For the exclusive use of M. HUSSAIN 582-103 Sealed Air CorporationExhibit 8 Suggested U. S. Resale Price List, Effective March 1980 Sq. Ft. per Order per Single Destination 1,000 or more 5,000 † † 10,000 † † 30,000 † † 50,000 † â⠂¬  Truckload/railcar 1,000 or more 5,000 † † 10,000 † † 30,000 † † 50,000 † † Truckload/railcar 1,000 or more 5,000 † † 10,000 † † 30,000 † † 50,000 † † Truckload/railcar 1,000 or more 5,000 † † 10,000 † † 30,000 † † 50,000 † † Truckload/railcar 1,000 or more 5,000 † † 10,000 † † 30,000 † † 50,000 † † Truckload/railcar Same price per 1,000 sq. t. as SD-120 1,000 or more 5,000 † † 10,000 † † 30,000 † † 50,000 † † Truckload/railcar 1,000 or more 5,000 † † 10,000 † † 30,000 † † 50,000 † † Truckload/railcar 1,000 or more 5,000 † † 10,000 † † 30,000 † † 50,000 † † Truckload/railcar $107. 85 97. 70 87. 55 81. 40 79. 35 72. 40 130. 75 118. 30 105. 95 98. 55 95. 70 87. 25 232. 75 210. 55 188. 35 175. 55 171. 25 $155. 60 Price per 1,000 Sq. Ft. $34. 30 30. 85 27. 45 25. 70 24. 75 22. 80 50. 00 45. 40 40. 90 38. 10 37. 05 33. 50 71. 0 64. 55 57. 40 53. 75 52. 60 47. 65 93. 40 84. 40 74. 95 70. 20 68. 60 62. 25 85. 30 77. 10 68. 50 64. 25 62. 75 $57. 25 Item (thickness in inches) A-100 (3/32) SB-110 (1/8) SC-120 (3/16) SC-240 (3/16 ) ST-120 (5/16) ST-240 (5/16) SD-120 (1/2) SD-240 (1/2) SD-480 (1/2) 16 This document is authorized for use only by Md. Saquib Hussain in marketing ? nal taught by Suresh Ramanathan from October 2012 to October 2012. For the exclusive use of M. HUSSAIN Sealed Air Corporation 582-103Exhibit 9 Selected Financial Data ($ thousands) 1976 1977 $21,422 15,489 3,595 2,682 $43,188 35,765 $24,270 12,093 (816) 6,009 1978 $25,028 21,133 3,453 4,644 $54,258 43,410 $31,111 14,527 (738) 7,882 1979 $29,996 29,056 3,432 7,951 $70,435 54,325 $43,199 16,855 (278) 10,103 1980 $34,330 38,802 3,688 11,777 $88,597 67,344 $54,125 21,4 85 (119) 12,868 Net sales by class of product Air cellular packaging Foam-in-place packaging Other packaging Recreational and energy prod.Total worldwide United States Costs and expenses Cost of sales Marketing, administration, development Other income (expense) Earnings before income tax $18,872 3,049 4,553 $26,474 – $16,451 6,696 32 3,359 Source: Sealed Air Annual Reports 1979, 1980. 17 This document is authorized for use only by Md. Saquib Hussain in marketing ? nal taught by Suresh Ramanathan from October 2012 to October 2012.